我构建了一个执行时间不到 1 秒的应用程序。我想检查此应用程序的内存使用情况。在这种情况下可以使用哪些工具？
答案1
一个流行的内存分析框架是瓦尔格林德（可从 Ubuntumain存储库获取）。特别是，您可以使用其地块堆分析工具。例如，给定一个最小的 C 程序：
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
void *p;
if ( (p = malloc( (size_t)1024*1024 )) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "memory allocation failure");
exit(ENOMEM);
}
free(p);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
编译gcc -Wall -o myprog myprog.c为
$ valgrind --tool=massif ./myprog
==5145== Massif, a heap profiler
==5145== Copyright (C) 2003-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Nicholas Nethercote
==5145== Using Valgrind-3.18.1 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==5145== Command: ./myprog
==5145==
==5145==
您可以直接从默认文件读取输出massif.out.<pid>，或者使用以下命令将其漂亮地打印出来ms_print：
$ ms_print massif.out.5145
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Command: ./myprog
Massif arguments: (none)
ms_print arguments: massif.out.5145
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MB
1.000^ #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
| #
0 +----------------------------------------------------------------------->ki
0 159.8
Number of snapshots: 4
Detailed snapshots: [2 (peak)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n time(i) total(B) useful-heap(B) extra-heap(B) stacks(B)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 163,567 1,048,584 1,048,576 8 0
2 163,607 1,048,584 1,048,576 8 0
100.00% (1,048,576B) (heap allocation functions) malloc/new/new[], --alloc-fns, etc.
->100.00% (1,048,576B) 0x1091BE: main (in /home/steeldriver/src/myprog)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n time(i) total(B) useful-heap(B) extra-heap(B) stacks(B)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 163,607 0 0 0 0
答案2
答案3
堆轨是一个可从 Ubuntu 官方存储库获得的堆内存分析器...您可以像这样安装它：
sudo apt install heaptrack
最小 C 应用程序示例：
$ cat myprog.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
void *p;
if ( (p = malloc( (size_t)1024*1024 )) != NULL) {
fprintf(stdout, "Succeeded to allocate 1MB of memory\n");
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate 1MB of memory\n");
exit(12);
}
free(p);
return 0;
}
$ gcc -Wall -o myprog myprog.c
然后，使用heaptrack例如像这样：
$ heaptrack ./myprog
heaptrack output will be written to "/home/ubuntu/test/llog/heaptrack.myprog.886986.zst"
/usr/lib/heaptrack/libheaptrack_preload.so
starting application, this might take some time...
Succeeded to allocate 1MB of memory
heaptrack stats:
allocations: 3
leaked allocations: 1
temporary allocations: 0
Heaptrack finished! Now run the following to investigate the data:
heaptrack --analyze "/home/ubuntu/test/llog/heaptrack.myprog.886986.zst"
然后使用heaptrack --analyze或heaptrack_print... 例如：
$ heaptrack --analyze heaptrack.myprog.886986.zst
reading file "heaptrack.myprog.886986.zst" - please wait, this might take some time...
Debuggee command was: ./myprog
finished reading file, now analyzing data:
MOST CALLS TO ALLOCATION FUNCTIONS
1 calls to allocation functions with 1.05M peak consumption from
main
in /home/ubuntu/test/llog/myprog
1 calls with 1.05M peak consumption from:
1 calls to allocation functions with 1.02K peak consumption from
__GI__IO_file_doallocate
at ./libio/filedoalloc.c:101
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
1 calls with 1.02K peak consumption from:
__GI__IO_doallocbuf
at ./libio/genops.c:347
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_overflow
at ./libio/fileops.c:744
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_xsputn
at ./libio/fileops.c:1243
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_xsputn
at ./libio/fileops.c:1196
__GI__IO_fwrite
at ./libio/iofwrite.c:39
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
main
in /home/ubuntu/test/llog/myprog
1 calls to allocation functions with 72.70K peak consumption from
0x7f25e76aa978
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
1 calls with 72.70K peak consumption from:
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:70
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:33
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
_dl_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:117
0x7f25e7cbd2e8
at ./elf/rtld.c:0
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
PEAK MEMORY CONSUMERS
1.05M peak memory consumed over 1 calls from
main
in /home/ubuntu/test/llog/myprog
1.05M consumed over 1 calls from:
72.70K peak memory consumed over 1 calls from
0x7f25e76aa978
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
72.70K consumed over 1 calls from:
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:70
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:33
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
_dl_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:117
0x7f25e7cbd2e8
at ./elf/rtld.c:0
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
1.02K peak memory consumed over 1 calls from
__GI__IO_file_doallocate
at ./libio/filedoalloc.c:101
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
1.02K consumed over 1 calls from:
__GI__IO_doallocbuf
at ./libio/genops.c:347
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_overflow
at ./libio/fileops.c:744
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_xsputn
at ./libio/fileops.c:1243
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
_IO_new_file_xsputn
at ./libio/fileops.c:1196
__GI__IO_fwrite
at ./libio/iofwrite.c:39
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
main
in /home/ubuntu/test/llog/myprog
MOST TEMPORARY ALLOCATIONS
1 temporary allocations of 1 allocations in total (100.00%) from
0x7f25e76aa978
in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
1 temporary allocations of 1 allocations in total (100.00%) from:
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:70
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
call_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:33
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
_dl_init
at ./elf/dl-init.c:117
0x7f25e7cbd2e8
at ./elf/rtld.c:0
in /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
total runtime: 0.00s.
calls to allocation functions: 3 (1500/s)
temporary memory allocations: 1 (500/s)
peak heap memory consumption: 1.12M
peak RSS (including heaptrack overhead): 3.90M
total memory leaked: 1.02K
值得注意的是，还有一个 GUI 堆轨道数据分析器heaptrack_gui你也可以从官方 Ubuntu 存储库安装，如下所示：
sudo apt install heaptrack-gui
然后像这样使用它：
$ heaptrack_gui heaptrack.myprog.886986.zst
答案4
最好的方法是使用编写软件的编程语言来检索程序中所需的信息，但如果您想从 Ubuntu 查看它，最流行的检查内存的工具是top、htop或ps