早上好，
我回来找你是因为停电后我失去了双启动，
我的 NVME 磁盘有两个分区。250 GB 用于 Windows 10。250 GB 用于 Ubuntu。
无法再在任一分区上启动（启动时显示 bios）我只好在原始分区上重新安装 Windows。通过 Ubuntu USB 密钥，我能够访问 Ubuntu 安装中的数据，并且恢复了我的数据。
我尝试使用启动修复磁盘。修复过程完成后，我收到以下错误消息：
修复过程中发生错误。错误：NVram 已锁定（efibootmgr 中未找到 Ubuntu）。请将此消息指向[电子邮件保护] 如果仍有启动问题，请将此 URL 指向： [电子邮件保护] 检测到锁定的 NVram。
以下是粘贴启动信息的内容：
boot-repair-4ppa2056 [20231029_1048]
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1.
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (hd0,msdos1)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
biosdisk fshelp fat exfat ext2 ntfs ntfscomp part_msdos
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
nvme0n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /EFI/refind/refind.conf /efi/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi
/efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/refind/refind_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/refind_ia32.efi /efi/refind/refind_x64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg
/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/btrfs_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/ext2_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/ext4_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/hfs_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/iso9660_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_aa64/reiserfs_aa64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/btrfs_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/ext2_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/ext4_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/hfs_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/iso9660_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_ia32/reiserfs_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/btrfs_x64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/ext2_x64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/ext4_x64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/hfs_x64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/iso9660_x64.efi
/efi/refind/drivers_x64/reiserfs_x64.efi
/efi/refind/tools_ia32/gptsync_ia32.efi
/efi/refind/tools_x64/gptsync_x64.efi
nvme0n1p2: _____________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
nvme0n1p3: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10 or 11
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
nvme0n1p4: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
nvme0n1p5: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: MSWIN4.1: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /efi/boot/bootx64.efi
/efi/boot/grubx64.efi /efi/boot/mmx64.efi
================================ 2 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS on nvme0n1p5
OS#2: Windows 10 or 11 on nvme0n1p3
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: TU106 [GeForce RTX 2070 Rev. A] from NVIDIA Corporation
Live-session OS is Ubuntu 64-bit (Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS, jammy, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: 1105(11.5) from American Megatrends Inc.
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 0001
Timeout: 1 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,b08ed521-de32-4162-8a04-d0f4cfea7f40,0x800,0x32000)/File(\EFI\MICROSOFT\BOOT\BOOTMGFW.EFI)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...a................
Boot0001* UEFI: General UDisk 5.00, Partition 1 PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(0,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x88ddb84,0x800,0x1d4b800)..BO
a1da253696a304dce6b4668b70151c0e nvme0n1p1/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi
a1da253696a304dce6b4668b70151c0e nvme0n1p1/Boot/bootx64.efi
bac0ddd25beb4f5a8bd999d295dd63ab nvme0n1p1/refind/refind_aa64.efi
71c7459d1db121880a1169de0f09d734 nvme0n1p1/refind/refind_ia32.efi
58375588106305df542be203d3c56cee nvme0n1p1/refind/refind_x64.efi
a1da253696a304dce6b4668b70151c0e nvme0n1p1/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
05fd7027486c73232752c9faeb99fdfe nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
87fa2cd44bed8bf4925e0045932cf67e nvme0n1p1/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
0ff90539cb207baf3b1e066237e4a509 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/btrfs_aa64.efi
aadfef4c8fe9c6180650fff8e13eb157 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/ext2_aa64.efi
e0a258d89d54add08d0163fc149855b2 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/ext4_aa64.efi
4fca55bebb229615ecce9c69540a2708 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/hfs_aa64.efi
7225c110aad1dec0cecbe59306578b2e nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/iso9660_aa64.efi
2b601db3a04812de4a6314a74e5f60b2 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_aa64/reiserfs_aa64.efi
96aac7e5530249060ad6a05009f18f25 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/btrfs_ia32.efi
810b910a08aa3eaa764e01dbb770d044 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/ext2_ia32.efi
e417c2e736137c8c130a3ddd175a7796 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/ext4_ia32.efi
fcbffa2cf6c899d318f48e9a64fcd319 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/hfs_ia32.efi
cdeab463506bc186f12b010be152201d nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/iso9660_ia32.efi
047ddf6ed0a0e73b958d0932d3489035 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_ia32/reiserfs_ia32.efi
6a0368185ee6de408f2d6287b7e99d2d nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/btrfs_x64.efi
0cfc33a01c53562f7f58e91d59cc7cb2 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/ext2_x64.efi
76636d960c2132d9fa597ffa5a04d604 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/ext4_x64.efi
2538d0c018b6a984ca8e36f510b36ba3 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/hfs_x64.efi
ee71e57d50cf8727004788cade1c4130 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/iso9660_x64.efi
7941b83f26b7d77aa517f58fd6592c22 nvme0n1p1/refind/drivers_x64/reiserfs_x64.efi
bad06cf17bead8513350e016eb660042 nvme0n1p1/refind/tools_ia32/gptsync_ia32.efi
3ad8696bbc90643132457638c5b8151a nvme0n1p1/refind/tools_x64/gptsync_x64.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
nvme0n1 : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
nvme0n1p3 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p4 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p5 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p4 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, recovery-or-hidden, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p5 : isnotESP, fstab-has-goodEFI, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p3 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p4 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p5 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk nvme0n1: 447.13 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
Disk identifier: 2425E326-2947-6490-3B6E-A1D34C5EA1A0
Start End Sectors Size Type
nvme0n1p1 2048 206847 204800 100M EFI System
nvme0n1p2 206848 239615 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
nvme0n1p3 239616 511004001 510764386 243.6G Microsoft basic data
nvme0n1p4 511004672 512075775 1071104 523M Windows recovery environment
nvme0n1p5 512077824 937701375 425623552 203G Microsoft basic data
Disk sda: 14.65 GiB, 15728640000 bytes, 30720000 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x088ddb84
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sda1 * 2048 30719999 30717952 14.6G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:15.7GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:General UDisk:;
1:1049kB:15.7GB:15.7GB:fat32::boot, lba;
nvme0n1:480GB:nvme:512:512:gpt:Force MP510:;
1:1049kB:106MB:105MB:fat32:EFI system partition:boot, esp;
2:106MB:123MB:16.8MB::Microsoft reserved partition:msftres;
3:123MB:262GB:262GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
4:262GB:262GB:548MB:ntfs::hidden, diag;
5:262GB:480GB:218GB:ext4::msftdata;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
└─sda1 vfat 3C23-682F 088ddb84-01 UBUNTU 22_0
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat CA32-EC71 b08ed521-de32-4162-8a04-d0f4cfea7f40 EFI system partition
├─nvme0n1p2 303898e9-4fa2-488d-a243-5deeb0aebc2c Microsoft reserved partition
├─nvme0n1p3 ntfs 10E43645E4362D7A 11b8ebd2-db9e-45ae-a402-d08af272195e Basic data partition
├─nvme0n1p4 ntfs B0003E95003E6290 0557839f-7b33-41c9-b7fe-5f3e8266acfd
└─nvme0n1p5 ext4 ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0 10d17a84-fcba-c925-aff8-dfd138c296b4
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p1 61.4M 36% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p1
/dev/nvme0n1p3 184.7G 24% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p3
/dev/nvme0n1p4 88.7M 83% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p4
/dev/nvme0n1p5 11G 89% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p5
/dev/sda1 9.9G 32% /cdrom
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
================= nvme0n1p1/EFI/refind/refind.conf (filtered) ==================
timeout 20
use_nvram false
menuentry Linux {
icon EFI/refind/icons/os_linux.png
volume 904404F8-B481-440C-A1E3-11A5A954E601
loader bzImage-3.3.0-rc7
initrd initrd-3.3.0.img
options "ro root=UUID=5f96cafa-e0a7-4057-b18f-fa709db5b837"
disabled
}
menuentry "Arch Linux" {
icon /EFI/refind/icons/os_arch.png
volume "Arch Linux"
loader /boot/vmlinuz-linux
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux.img
options "root=PARTUUID=5028fa50-0079-4c40-b240-abfaf28693ea rw add_efi_memmap"
submenuentry "Boot using fallback initramfs" {
initrd /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
}
submenuentry "Boot to terminal" {
add_options "systemd.unit=multi-user.target"
}
disabled
}
menuentry Ubuntu {
loader /EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
icon /EFI/refind/icons/os_linux.png
disabled
}
menuentry "ELILO" {
loader \EFI\elilo\elilo.efi
disabled
}
menuentry "Windows 7" {
loader \EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi
disabled
}
menuentry "Windows via shell script" {
icon \EFI\refind\icons\os_win.png
loader \EFI\tools\shell.efi
options "fs0:\EFI\tools\launch_windows.nsh"
disabled
}
menuentry "My macOS" {
icon \EFI\refind\icons\os_mac.png
volume "macOS boot"
loader \System\Library\CoreServices\boot.efi
disabled
}
menuentry "macOS via BootNext" {
icon /EFI/refind/icons/os_mac.png
firmware_bootnum 80
disabled
}
=================== nvme0n1p1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ===================
search.fs_uuid ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0 root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
=================== nvme0n1p5/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ====================
Ubuntu ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-87-generic ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-86-generic ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0
Windows Boot Manager (on nvme0n1p1) osprober-efi-CA32-EC71
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
======================== nvme0n1p5/etc/fstab (filtered) ========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p5 during installation
UUID=ea051475-6895-4b71-81a0-74e83cd6f2c0 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
UUID=CA32-EC71 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
==================== nvme0n1p5/etc/default/grub (filtered) =====================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
================= nvme0n1p5: Location of files loaded by Grub ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
312,309085846 = 335,339327488 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
272,035842896 = 292,096262144 boot/vmlinuz 11
445,918331146 = 478,801162240 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-86-generic 20
272,035842896 = 292,096262144 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-87-generic 11
445,918331146 = 478,801162240 boot/vmlinuz.old 20
346,083263397 = 371,604074496 boot/initrd.img 70
422,358112335 = 453,503569920 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-86-generic 78
346,083263397 = 371,604074496 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-87-generic 70
422,358112335 = 453,503569920 boot/initrd.img.old 78
=================== nvme0n1p5: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ===================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Dec 18 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43031 Dec 18 2022 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14387 Dec 18 2022 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Dec 18 2022 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Dec 18 2022 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Dec 18 2022 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Dec 18 2022 41_custom
====================== sda1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Try or Install Ubuntu
Ubuntu (safe graphics)
OEM install (for manufacturers)
Boot from next volume
UEFI Firmware Settings
Test memory
==================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub-efi of
nvme0n1p5,
using the following options: nvme0n1p1/boot/efi
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s use-standard-efi-file restore-efi-backups
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your UEFI firmware boot on the Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS entry (nvme0n1p1/efi/****/grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message) file) !
If your computer reboots directly into Windows, try to change the boot order in your UEFI firmware.
If your UEFI firmware does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of the Windows bootloader.
For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\****\grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message)
我尝试通过 USB live 重新安装文档中的 refind： https://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/refind
下载进展顺利：
sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install refind
我在确认之前点击了“否”，
首单退货：
sudo mount -v $(sudo blkid | grep vfat | cut -d: -f1) /mnt
mount : bad usage
Exécutez "mount --help" pour obtenir des renseignements complémentaires.
未安装正确的卷，是否需要指定 ID？