我的笔记本电脑图形有问题，自从我买了它以来一直存在这个问题。到目前为止，我还没有找到解决问题的方法。
首先通过 lshw 查看我的规格
laptop-aspire-e5-574
description: Computer
width: 64 bits
capabilities: vsyscall32
*-core
description: Motherboard
physical id: 0
*-memory
description: System memory
physical id: 0
size: 15GiB
*-cpu
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6200U CPU @ 2.30GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 1
bus info: cpu@0
size: 2676MHz
capacity: 2700MHz
width: 64 bits
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Sky Lake Integrated Graphics
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 07
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915_bpo latency=0
resources: irq:127 memory:a0000000-a0ffffff memory:90000000-9fffffff ioport:4000(size=64)
我的错误与 Chrome、Chromium、Atom 和 VLC 有关。这些错误似乎是由英特尔显卡触发的，原因是一些未知的错误。
很难解释到底发生了什么，但简而言之。
Chrome/Chromium、Atom 和 VLC 等应用程序在正常使用（主要在 FF 中浏览）一段时间后无法打开。
我使用 Firefox 作为主要浏览器。大约 10 分钟或 1 小时后，其他应用程序无法在我的笔记本电脑上打开并崩溃。
如果我重新启动并打开上述应用程序，它们会正常工作，甚至可以运行几个小时，然后我可以打开 FF。如果它们并行运行，它们似乎可以正常工作。
我对这个问题的最佳描述是，当我使用 FF 一段不确定的时间时，其他应用程序不会打开或运行。如果我重新启动，一切都会恢复正常，我可以再次打开应用程序。就好像在某个时候软件内触发了某些东西，导致我尝试启动其他应用程序时崩溃。我怀疑是开始在 FF 上查看 Youtube，导致其他应用程序无法启动。
可能有其他应用程序受到影响而无法启动，但我还没有发现其他。
我所讨论的应用程序的错误日志：
铬合金：
laptop@laptop-Aspire-E5-574:~$ google-chrome
[5625:5625:1211/115914:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(14890)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[5625:5625:1211/115914:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4102)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[5625:5625:1211/115914:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5625:5625:1211/115914:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5692:5692:1211/115924:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(14890)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[5692:5692:1211/115924:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4102)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[5692:5692:1211/115924:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5692:5692:1211/115924:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5721:5721:1211/115934:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(14890)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[5721:5721:1211/115934:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4102)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[5721:5721:1211/115934:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5721:5721:1211/115934:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5736:5736:1211/120029:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(14890)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[5736:5736:1211/120029:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4102)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[5736:5736:1211/120029:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5736:5736:1211/120029:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5795:5795:1211/120035:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(14890)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[5795:5795:1211/120035:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4102)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[5795:5795:1211/120035:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[5795:5795:1211/120035:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(224)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
^Z
[3]+ Stopped google-chrome
原子：
laptop@laptop-Aspire-E5-574:~$ vlc
VLC media player 2.2.2 Weatherwax (revision 2.2.2-0-g6259d80)
[00000000014da148] core libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
[00000000015ed4d8] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[00000000015ed4d8] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[00000000015ed4d8] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[00000000015ed4d8] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
libva info: VA-API version 0.39.2
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_0_39
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
[00007f681cc4d688] avcodec decoder: Using OpenGL/VAAPI/libswscale backend for VDPAU for hardware decoding.
intel_do_flush_locked failed: Input/output error
QObject::~QObject: Timers cannot be stopped from another thread
QSocketNotifier: Invalid socket 24 and type 'Read', disabling...
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
Chromium + ATOM 的延迟错误响应
laptop@laptop-Aspire-E5-574:~$ atom
laptop@laptop-Aspire-E5-574:~$ chromium-browser/usr/bin/atom: line 119: 6209 Segmentation fault (core dumped) nohup "$ATOM_PATH" --executed-from="$(pwd)" --pid=$$ "$@" > "$ATOM_HOME/nohup.out" 2>&1
Failed to get crash dump id.
Report Id:
laptop@laptop-Aspire-E5-574:~$ vlc --avcodec-hw=vaapi
VLC media player 2.2.2 Weatherwax (revision 2.2.2-0-g6259d80)
[00000000019ef148] core libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
[0000000001b02468] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[0000000001b02468] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[0000000001b02468] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
[0000000001b02468] dbus interface error: poll() failed: Interrupted system call
libva info: VA-API version 0.39.2
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_0_39
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
[00007f0bfd102618] avcodec decoder: Using Intel i965 driver for Intel(R) Skylake - 1.7.1 for hardware decoding.
libva info: VA-API version 0.39.2
libva info: va_getDriverName() returns 0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_0_39
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
intel_do_flush_locked failed: Input/output error
QObject::~QObject: Timers cannot be stopped from another thread
QSocketNotifier: Invalid socket 24 and type 'Read', disabling...
[3]+ Killed google-chrome
Chromium 使用 --verbose 参数来记录更多的错误。
[7811:7811:1211/124931:VERBOSE1:cross_device_promo.cc(169)] CrossDevicePromo::MaybeBrowsingSessionStarted. Same browsing session as the last call.
[7811:7811:1211/124931:VERBOSE1:cross_device_promo.cc(169)] CrossDevicePromo::MaybeBrowsingSessionStarted. Same browsing session as the last call.
[7996:7996:1211/124931:VERBOSE1:sandbox_linux.cc(70)] Activated seccomp-bpf sandbox for process type: gpu-process.
[7996:7996:1211/124931:VERBOSE1:child_thread_impl.cc(371)] Mojo is disabled on child
[7996:7996:1211/124931:VERBOSE1:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(3166)] GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil supported.
[7996:7996:1211/124937:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(13835)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[7996:7996:1211/124937:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4021)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[7996:7996:1211/124937:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[7996:7996:1211/124937:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[7996:7996:1211/124937:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124937:VERBOSE1:sandbox_linux.cc(70)] Activated seccomp-bpf sandbox for process type: gpu-process.
[8006:8006:1211/124937:VERBOSE1:child_thread_impl.cc(371)] Mojo is disabled on child
[8006:8006:1211/124937:VERBOSE1:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(3166)] GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil supported.
[8006:8006:1211/124947:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(13835)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[8006:8006:1211/124947:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4021)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[8006:8006:1211/124947:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[8006:8006:1211/124947:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8006:8006:1211/124947:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124947:VERBOSE1:sandbox_linux.cc(70)] Activated seccomp-bpf sandbox for process type: gpu-process.
[8015:8015:1211/124947:VERBOSE1:child_thread_impl.cc(371)] Mojo is disabled on child
[8015:8015:1211/124947:VERBOSE1:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(3166)] GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil supported.
[7811:7840:1211/124949:VERBOSE1:mime_type_resource_handler.cc(294)] To buffer: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/antiadblockfilters.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201610291740&downloadCount=4%2B
[7811:7840:1211/124949:VERBOSE1:web_request_time_tracker.cc(181)] WR percent 82: https://notification.adblockplus.org/notification.json?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201611051451&downloadCount=4%2B: 15/894 = 0.0167942
[7811:7840:1211/124949:VERBOSE1:web_request_time_tracker.cc(181)] WR percent 80: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/antiadblockfilters.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201610291740&downloadCount=4%2B: 11/898 = 0.0123539
[7811:7840:1211/124949:VERBOSE1:mime_type_resource_handler.cc(294)] To buffer: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/exceptionrules.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201611051441&downloadCount=4%2B
[7811:7840:1211/124950:VERBOSE1:mime_type_resource_handler.cc(294)] To buffer: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/easylist.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201610291740&downloadCount=3
[7811:7840:1211/124950:VERBOSE1:web_request_time_tracker.cc(181)] WR percent 81: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/easylist.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201610291740&downloadCount=3: 14/1804 = 0.00803758
[7811:7840:1211/124951:VERBOSE1:web_request_time_tracker.cc(181)] WR percent 79: https://easylist-downloads.adblockplus.org/exceptionrules.txt?addonName=adblockpluschrome&addonVersion=1.12.4&application=chromium&applicationVersion=53.0.2785.143&platform=chromium&platformVersion=53.0.2785.143&lastVersion=201611051441&downloadCount=4%2B: 6/2616 = 0.00257044
[8015:8015:1211/124957:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(13835)] Offscreen context lost via ARB/EXT_robustness. Reset status = GL_INNOCENT_CONTEXT_RESET_KHR
[8015:8015:1211/124957:ERROR:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(4021)] GLES2DecoderImpl: Context reset detected after MakeCurrent.
[8015:8015:1211/124957:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[8015:8015:1211/124957:ERROR:gpu_channel_manager.cc(222)] Exiting GPU process because some drivers cannot recover from problems.
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8015:8015:1211/124957:WARNING:ipc_message_attachment_set.cc(57)] MessageAttachmentSet destroyed with unconsumed descriptors: 0/1
[8027:8027:1211/124957:VERBOSE1:sandbox_linux.cc(70)] Activated seccomp-bpf sandbox for process type: gpu-process.
[8027:8027:1211/124957:VERBOSE1:child_thread_impl.cc(371)] Mojo is disabled on child
[8027:8027:1211/124957:VERBOSE1:gles2_cmd_decoder.cc(3166)] GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil supported.
这种情况已经持续了几个月了。我不知道该怎么办，也不确定我能做些什么。问题是否只是因为 Ubuntu 不支持这款搭载英特尔显卡的笔记本电脑？
而且，Firefox 运行起来通常很慢。滚动时我会感到很慢。令人惊讶的是，如果我启动 Chrome（当我可以这样做时），只要 Crome 浏览器在后台运行（被动），它就不会再慢了。
任何建议都将受到欢迎。
答案1
我可能自己找到了答案。经过几次谷歌搜索，我终于找到了正确的答案。
1）我最终来到这里：https://plus.google.com/+JonMasters/posts/BqWLEjenLKv这至少证实了 Chromium/Chrome 存在 Intel Skylake 问题。
2）这进一步表明可以通过安装内核更新来解决问题，因为我甚至不知道 Ubuntu 没有更新至少稳定的内核版本。
为了检查当前内核版本，请运行以下命令：
uname -a
uname -r
这将显示内核版本。要安装 Ubuntu 16.04 的最新稳定内核，请转到此处：http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/05/install-linux-kernel-4-6-ubuntu-16-04/
3) 我还发现许多人的 Linux 显卡似乎都遇到了类似的问题：https://github.com/linuxenko/ubuntu-skylake-i915-video-fix
为了知道你使用的是什么显卡，请运行以下所有或任一命令
glxinfo|grep vendor
glxinfo|grep renderer
sudo lspci|grep VGA
此时，解决方案是运行不同的内核并尝试针对 Skylake 显卡的解决方案。不确定这一切是否都完美无缺，但上述资源应该可以让任何遇到此问题但不知道从哪里开始的人走上正确的道路。