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Python 3 无法正常工作

tag-icon • tag-icon 14.04 apt package-management software-installation python3
Python 3 无法正常工作

我最近从源代码安装了 python 3.5，但我认为我在安装或链接过程中做错了什么。此后，我在安装任何 Ubuntu 软件包时都遇到了问题。例如，add-apt-repository 不起作用，即使重新安装了 software-properties-common 也是如此。

$ add-apt-repository 
bash: /usr/bin/add-apt-repository: /usr/bin/python3: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

此外，apt-get install 会给我这个错误

$ sudo apt-get install libraw-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libraw-dev
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 229 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 382 kB/391 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,588 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main libraw-dev amd64 0.15.4-1 [382 kB]
Fetched 382 kB in 0s (651 kB/s)    
Selecting previously unselected package libraw-dev:amd64.
(Reading database ... 295477 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libraw-dev_0.15.4-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libraw-dev:amd64 (0.15.4-1) ...
Setting up python3.4 (3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.5) ...
Could not find platform independent libraries <prefix>
Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to <prefix>[:<exec_prefix>]
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
ImportError: No module named 'encodings'
Aborted
dpkg: error processing package python3.4 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 134
Setting up python3-commandnotfound (0.3ubuntu12) ...
/var/lib/dpkg/info/python3-commandnotfound.postinst: 6: /var/lib/dpkg/info/python3-commandnotfound.postinst: py3compile: not found
dpkg: error processing package python3-commandnotfound (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127
dpkg: error processing package software-properties-common (--configure):
 package is in a very bad inconsistent state; you should
 reinstall it before attempting configuration
Setting up libraw-dev:amd64 (0.15.4-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python3.4
 python3-commandnotfound
 software-properties-common
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

此外，尝试添加 ppa 会出现以下错误

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:dhor/myway
sudo: unable to execute /usr/bin/add-apt-repository: No such file or directory

发生什么事了，有什么想法吗？

答案1

  1. 首先需要恢复Python 3的核心：

    sudo apt install -f --reinstall python3 python3.4 python3-minimal python3.4-minimal libpython3.4-minimal

    如果由于依赖 Python 3 的软件包安装一半而导致此方法不起作用，请手动下载并安装它们：

    cd /tmp
apt-get download python3 python3.4 python3-minimal python3.4-minimal libpython3.4-minimal
sudo dpkg -i *python3*.deb
sudo apt install -f

  2. 安装debsums包并执行包健全性检查验证剩余软件包的完整性，并在必要时重新安装它们。

答案2

Ubuntu 附带了自己的 Python 安装，系统实用程序依赖这些 Python 安装才能运行。这些实用程序依赖python、python2和python3指向这些系统安装。不幸的是，从源代码构建/安装 Python 时，标准make install会安装新的python/ python2（适用于 Python 2.x）或python3（适用于 Python 3.x）二进制文件，这最终可能会遮蔽系统 Python 安装并破坏系统。

修复系统后（David 的回答有望帮助您解决这个问题），然后应使用 （重新）安装从源代码编译的 Python make altinstall，这将放弃python3并仅将解释器安装为特定于版本的python3.5。 这是安装自己的 Python 的安全方法，而不会干扰系统 Python，因为它不会遮蔽系统实用程序所依赖的任何命令。

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