我对 ubuntu 和 Linux 还很陌生，而且我去年 12 月才开始玩 PC 游戏，所以只能勉强应付。我在我的垃圾联想电脑上使用 Windows 10 运行 steam，但在我拿到 I5 HP 后，我不得不运行 Ubuntu，因为硬重置导致 Windows 在登录时损坏。在尝试启动 steam 时，我使用了 Ubuntu 软件和终端，但当我找到桌面/应用程序图标时，什么都没有发生。它没有加载，也没有提示我，实际上它所做的只是在安装后更新。有人能帮助新手并告诉我该怎么做才能让它运行吗？
编辑我：
我的规格是：
处理器 - Intel Core i5 52OOU
RAM - 6GB 2GB- 1X 4GB skHynix
GPU - Intel 5500 HD 显卡
HDD - 500GB Toshiba HDD
我按了sudo apt install steam，这样就可以安装 steam。但正如所说，它似乎已经安装好了，但我在下载中找不到它，当我使用终端打开 Steam 时，我得到了
tar: This does not look like a tar archive
xz: (stdin): File format not recognized
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
find: ‘/home/avery/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime’: No such file or directory
编辑二：
我尝试过sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install steam-launcher，但出现的情况如下：
avery@Avery-PC:~$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install steam-launcher [sudo] avery 的密码： Ign:1 cdrom://Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725) bionic InRelease 点击数：2 cdrom://Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725) bionic Release 获取：4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease [83.2 kB] 点击数：5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Ign:6 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb 稳定版 点击数：7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease 点击数：8 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease 获取：9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease [74.6 kB] 点击数：10 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb 稳定版本 1 秒内获取 158 kB（222 kB/秒） 正在读取软件包列表...完成 正在读取软件包列表...完成 构建依赖关系树 正在读取状态信息...完成 E：无法找到 steam-launcher 软件包
编辑三：
我用了 /etc/apt/sources.list :deb http://repo.steampowered.com/steam/precise steam 一下就 bash: /etc/apt/sources.list: Permission denied 上来了。
編輯 IV
我跑完之后sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list，这些都出现了。
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725)]/ bio$
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
这就是您给我的代码所发生的情况。我需要安装 steam 并尝试吗？目前我没有 steam 或 Ubuntu Software 的 steam 安装程序。
編輯 V 这是我第一次下载 Steam 文件以来的所有内容。此代码来自 Steam 内部名为 *bootstrap_log.txt 的文件，这对解决方案有帮助吗？
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Startup - updater built Nov 23 2016 01:05:42
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Verifying installation...
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Unable to read and verify install manifest /home/avery/.steam/package/steam_client_ubuntu12.installed
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Verification complete
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Downloading Update...
[2018-11-14 18:07:13] Checking for available update...
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_misc_all.zip.1ca83d76835b4613170f5cead778b176b11f2b0c missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_dicts_all.zip.3[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_misc_all.zip.1ca83d76835b4613170f5cead778b176b11f2b0c missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_dicts_all.zip.33245b7d523f68418283e93b0572508fa127ee8f missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_fonts_all.zip.vz.7673e4cd32b6752bc621d8bc1a7118a9af19b64a_12077027 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_ambientsounds_all.zip.89b80bcfdd11b2b99257ddbbdc374e2df54e2738 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_sounds_all.zip.vz.ffef2b2fc386819a842ea79484b966a937c2ca7e_1209792 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_images_all.zip.vz.04fa59fdcdeb3818196294fb1db417f75a46d1ec_31242830 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file tenfoot_all.zip.vz.545c24ee33b60f736e9e9ac975fe30df8fb124a8_2569861 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file friendsui_all.zip.vz.3c4a7f86d9c15bca782499b76024765b2ff8376f_3087851 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file resources_misc_all.zip.vz.4a1fa88d21b005b67a41a9a0fc6044ae1fa46791_2225211 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file resources_music_all.zip.vz.7a62e15083d4a65668f0d1fa58ad8c1b99fb5ace_3708050 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file resources_hidpi_all.zip.vz.3c5bd3d518c854fea3680ca96768205dee63c1bb_50023 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file resources_all.zip.vz.b9dea6fa681b2a51f558e7956b58e62bc6f665c9_1284584 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file strings_en_all.zip.vz.0656d1b3cd09795b3e1f80c9b2743a8ca2b72c52_88986 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file strings_all.zip.vz.739a0611857cf29c90287c9acb41637023059d73_2234555 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file public_all.zip.vz.627a2db5151c33614fc96e9593a24960120a7c8a_792660 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file bins_ubuntu12.zip.vz.42b2836b46de63035015b651f377fe67d342b3d8_17874047 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file bins_pub_ubuntu12.zip.vz.96531d903ab1ac3c9d17a6764c5601a6f3027db6_9046128 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file bins_sdk_ubuntu12.zip.vz.7797e33f4b28cb9df9579020743e946b7c9928af_12082781 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file bins_codecs_ubuntu12.zip.vz.228ce3d6bd2f702a390c63cef6158d21ba57c9e5_2373711 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file bins_misc_ubuntu12.zip.vz.531 deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725)]/ bio$
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
^G Get Help ^O Write Out ^W Where Is ^K Cut Text ^J Justify
^X Exit ^R Read File ^\ Replace ^U Uncut Text ^T To Spell16ac89ba46dd007b93073094a896a84f9560e_1554554 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file webkit_ubuntu12.zip.vz.9ef83abe859bbdc31fbd213ee273c9dced55e5f0_49643930 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file miles_ubuntu12.zip.vz.4fd048667c97ef6eb976f4c42ce5c18f8695ac9e_295483 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file sdl2_ubuntu12.zip.vz.cf46e688ed508b3d2a46e968f21beb6fca20ac1e_653738 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file steam_ubuntu12.zip.vz.b397288f03a7cebeb7a79cb09527c863c652da59_1505082 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file runtime_part0_ubuntu12.zip.789d32b0d1b0bfcb469b78711452314a493bdaab missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:07:14] Package file runtime_part1_ubuntu12.zip.5cfff6f643c830be371264dec3864148f874187e missing or incorrect size
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[2018-11-14 18:07:20] Shutdown
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[2018-11-14 18:07:47] Downloading update (223,369 of deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725)]/ bio$
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
^G Get Help ^O Write Out ^W Where Is ^K Cut Text ^J Justify
^X Exit ^R Read File ^\ Replace ^U Uncut Text ^T To Spell 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:47] Downloading update (224,960 of 287,279 KB)...
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[2018-11-14 18:07:48] Downloading update (228,546 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:48] Downloading update (230,298 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:48] Downloading update (231,925 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:49] Downloading update (233,570 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:49] Downloading update (235,322 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:49] Downloading update (236,967 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:49] Downloading update (238,651 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:50] Downloading update (240,429 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:50] Downloading update (242,230 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:50] Downloading update (243,808 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:50] Downloading update (245,604 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:51] Downloading update (247,338 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:51] Downloading update (249,131 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:51] Downloading update (250,651 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:51] Downloading update (252,197 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:52] Downloading update (253,984 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:52] Downloading update (255,568 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:52] Downloading update (257,358 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:52] Downloading update (259,144 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:53] Downloading update (260,720 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:53] Downloading update (262,310 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:53] Downloading update (264,085 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:53] Downloading update (265,674 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:54] Downloading update (267,432 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:54] Downloading update (268,972 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:54] Downloading update (271,716 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:55] Downloading update (272,910 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:55] Downloading update (273,977 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:55] Downloading update (275,182 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:55] Downloading update (276,346 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:56] Downloading update (277,541 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:56] Downloading update (278,494 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:56] Downloading update (279,507 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:56] Downloading update (280,716 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:57] Downloading update (281,910 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:57] Downloading update (283,058 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:07:58] Downloading update (283,658 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:14] Error: Download of package (resources_music_all) failed after 0 bytes (0).
[2018-11-14 18:08:14] Package file resources_music_all.zip.vz.7a62e15083d4a65668f0d1fa58ad8c1b99fb5ace_3708050 missing or incorrect size
[2018-11-14 18:08:14] Downloading update (283,893 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:15] Downloading update (284,570 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:15] Downloading update (285,241 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:15] Downloading update (285,830 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:15] Downloading update (286,452 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Downloading update (287,094 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Downloading update (287,279 of 287,279 KB)...
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Download Complete.
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] uninstalled manifest found in /home/avery/.steam/package/steam_client_ubuntu12 (1).
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Found pending update
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Applying update...
[2018-11-14 18:08:16] Extracting package...
[2018-11-14 18:08:29] Installing update...
[2018-11-14 18:08:30] Cleaning up...
[2018-11-14 18:08:30] Update complete, launching...
[2018-11-14 18:08:30] Shutdown
答案1
当我安装 Steam 时，我正在运行 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS。我使用 cmd 行进行安装：
sudo apt-get install steam
从那里我可以在我的应用程序中找到该图标，或者我可以使用该命令从 cmd 行运行它：
steam
我升级到了 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，一切仍然正常，尽管我相信现在的安装语法是：
sudo apt install steam
我总是在安装任何东西之前进行更新：
sudo apt-get update or sudo apt update