我并不经常需要处理-f这些事情，所以我有点不明白为什么它要删除这么多软件包，但我相信这些软件包中有很多是我经常使用的，apache2, aptitude, cinnamon仅举几个例子 :O
目前我无法安装软件包，因此尝试f
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
google-cloud-sdk : Depends: python-crcmod but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python-google-compute-engine but it is not going to be installed
zoom : Depends: ibus
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
删除软件包
hutber@hutber:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
[sudo] password for hutber:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
apache2-bin apache2-data apache2-utils breeze-icon-theme cabextract chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra dbconfig-common
dbconfig-mysql exo-utils fish fish-common git-man ipxe-qemu ipxe-qemu-256k-compat-efi-roms kded5 kdenlive-data kinit kio
liba52-0.7.4 libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap libaribb24-0 libavresample-ffmpeg2
libbasicusageenvironment1 libcddb2 libdbusmenu-qt5-2 libdca0 libde265-0 libdirectfb-1.7-7 libdvbpsi10 libdvdcss2
libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libebml4v5 libebur128-1 libenca0 liberror-perl libexo-1-0 libexo-common libexo-helpers libfaad2
libfdk-aac1 libfdt1 libfm-data libfm-gtk-data libgksu2-0 libgnome-keyring-common libgnome-keyring0 libgroupsock8
libgtop-2.0-10 libibverbs1 libiptcdata0 libiscsi7 libjbig-dev libjpeg-dev libjpeg-turbo8-dev libjpeg8-dev libjs-jquery
libjs-sphinxdoc libjs-underscore libkate1 libkf5attica5 libkf5bookmarks-data libkf5bookmarks5 libkf5doctools5
libkf5filemetadata-data libkf5filemetadata3 libkf5globalaccel-data libkf5globalaccel5 libkf5kiofilewidgets5
libkf5kiontlm5 libkf5newstuff-data libkf5newstuff5 libkf5newstuffcore5 libkf5notifications-data libkf5notifications5
libkf5notifyconfig-data libkf5notifyconfig5 libkf5solid5 libkf5solid5-data libkf5sonnet5-data libkf5sonnetcore5
libkf5sonnetui5 libkf5textwidgets-data libkf5textwidgets5 libkf5wallet-bin libkf5wallet-data libkf5wallet5
libkf5xmlgui-bin libkf5xmlgui-data libkf5xmlgui5 libkwalletbackend5-5 liblensfun-data-v1 liblilv-0-0 liblivemedia62
liblua5.2-0 libluajit-5.1-2 libluajit-5.1-common libmad0 libmatroska6v5 libmbedcrypto1 libmbedtls10 libmbedx509-0
libmediainfo0v5 libmicrodns0 libmjpegutils-2.1-0 libmlt-data libmms0 libmpcdec6 libmpeg2-4 libmpeg2encpp-2.1-0
libmplex2-2.1-0 libmspack0 libnfs11 libnl-route-3-200 libofa0 libopenmpt-modplug1 libpcre16-3 libpcre2-32-0 libpcre32-3
libphonon4qt5-4 libplacebo4 libpng-dev libprotobuf-lite10 libpython3.7-minimal libqt4-dbus libqt4-declarative
libqt4-network libqt4-script libqt4-sql libqt4-xml libqt4-xmlpatterns libqt5opengl5 libqt5positioning5
libqt5printsupport5 libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5sensors5 libqt5texttospeech5 libqt5webchannel5 libqtcore4 libqtdbus4
libqtgui4 librados2 librbd1 librdmacm1 libresid-builder0c2a librtaudio6 libsdl-image1.2 libserd-0-0 libsidplay1v5
libsidplay2 libsord-0-0 libsoundtouch1 libsox-fmt-alsa libsox-fmt-base libsox3 libspandsp2 libsratom-0-0 libsrtp2-1
libssh2-1 libssl-dev libtagc0 libtiffxx5 libtinyxml2-6 libunshield0 libupnp6 libusageenvironment3 libusbredirparser1
libv4l2rds0 libva-wayland2 libvlc-bin libvlc-dev libvlc5 libvlccore9 libvo-aacenc0 libvorbisidec1 libvulkan1
libwildmidi-config libwildmidi2 libxcb-xtest0 libxenstore3.0 libxfce4ui-1-0 libxfce4ui-common libxfce4util-common
libxfce4util7 libxfconf-0-2 libxnvctrl0 libzbar0 libzen0v5 lxmenu-data mediainfo openrazer-driver-dkms oxygen-icon-theme
phonon4qt5 phonon4qt5-backend-vlc php-cli-prompt php-composer-ca-bundle php-composer-semver php-composer-spdx-licenses
php-phpseclib php-psr-log php-symfony-console php-symfony-debug php-symfony-filesystem php-symfony-finder
php-symfony-polyfill-mbstring php-symfony-process php7.0-common php7.2-json php7.2-opcache php7.2-readline
python-gobject python3-daemonize python3-distutils python3-lib2to3 python3-netifaces python3-notify2 python3-pyudev
python3.7-minimal qdbus qml-module-qtgraphicaleffects qml-module-qtquick-controls qml-module-qtquick-dialogs
qml-module-qtquick-layouts qml-module-qtquick-privatewidgets qml-module-qtquick-window2 qml-module-qtquick2 qtchooser
qtcore4-l10n rawtherapee-data screen-resolution-extra seabios shtool smartmontools sox thunar-data unshield vlc-bin
vlc-data vlc-l10n vlc-plugin-base vlc-plugin-qt vlc-plugin-video-output xautomation xfconf xfe-themes
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libutempter0 lynx lynx-common xterm
Suggested packages:
xfonts-cyrillic
The following packages will be REMOVED
adobe-flashplugin apache2 appstream aptitude apturl apturl-common audio-recorder avahi-utils baobab blueberry bluetooth
bluez bluez-cups bluez-obexd bluez-tools bolt brltty caribou casper cheese cheese-common cifs-utils cinnamon
cinnamon-common cinnamon-control-center cinnamon-control-center-dbg cinnamon-dbg cinnamon-desktop-data
cinnamon-screensaver cinnamon-session cinnamon-settings-daemon cjs colord composer cups-browsed cups-pk-helper dconf-cli
dnsmasq-base dnsutils dosfstools ecryptfs-utils evolution-data-server evolution-data-server-common file-roller firefox
flatpak fwupd gcr gdb gdebi gedit gedit-common geoclue-2.0 gimp gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 gir1.2-cinnamondesktop-3.0
gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-gst-3.0 gir1.2-flatpak-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-1.0
gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-gtkclutter-1.0 gir1.2-gtksource-3.0 gir1.2-ibus-1.0 gir1.2-keybinder-3.0
gir1.2-mate-desktop gir1.2-mate-panel gir1.2-matedesktop-2.0 gir1.2-matepanelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-meta-muffin-0.0
gir1.2-nemo-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-nma-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0 gir1.2-rb-3.0 gir1.2-soup-2.4
gir1.2-timezonemap-1.0 gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 gir1.2-wnck-3.0 gir1.2-xplayer-1.0
gir1.2-xplayer-plparser-1.0 git gkbd-capplet gksu gmusicbrowser gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-calendar
gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-online-accounts gnome-orca gnome-power-manager
gnome-screenshot gnome-session-bin gnome-session-canberra gnome-settings-daemon gnome-settings-daemon-schemas
gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal gnome-themes-extra gnome-themes-standard gnome-video-effects google-chrome-stable
gparted gsmartcontrol gstreamer1.0-clutter-3.0 gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-packagekit gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base-apps gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-vaapi
gtk2-engines gtk2-engines-murrine gtk2-engines-pixbuf gtkhash gtkhash-common gucharmap gufw gvfs-backends handbrake
hardinfo hexchat hplip insync-nemo ippusbxd iputils-ping iputils-tracepath irqbalance jsonlint kdenlive kerneloops
keyutils libapache2-mod-php7.2 libappstream-glib8 libass5 libbabeltrace1 libblockdev-crypto2 libcacard0
libchamplain-0.12-0 libchamplain-gtk-0.12-0 libcheese-gtk25 libcheese8 libcinnamon-desktop-dbg libcinnamon-desktop4
libcjs-dbg libcjs0f libcolorhug2 libcscreensaver0 libcups2-dev libcupsimage2-dev libdazzle-1.0-0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2
libdw1 libebackend-1.2-10 libebook-1.2-19 libebook-contacts-1.2-2 libecal-1.2-19 libecryptfs1 libedata-book-1.2-25
libedata-cal-1.2-28 libedataserver-1.2-23 libedataserverui-1.2-2 libflatpak0 libfluidsynth1 libfm-extra4 libfm-gtk4
libfm4 libfox-1.6-0 libfwupd2 libgcab-1.0-0 libgdata22 libgegl-0.3-0 libgeoclue-2-0 libgeocode-glib0 libgimp2.0
libglade2-0 libgnome-bluetooth13 libgnome-desktop-3-17 libgoa-1.0-0b libgoa-1.0-common libgoa-backend-1.0-1
libgpod-common libgpod4 libgrilo-0.3-0 libgspell-1-1 libgssdp-1.0-3 libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-0 libgtk-3-bin
libgtkmm-2.4-1v5 libgtkmm-3.0-1v5 libgtkspell0 libgucharmap-2-90-7 libgupnp-1.0-4 libgupnp-igd-1.0-4 libgweather-3-15
libgweather-common libgxps2 libhal1-flash libibus-1.0-5 libimobiledevice-utils libjavascriptcoregtk-3.0-0
libkeybinder-3.0-0 liblensfun1 liblightdm-gobject-1-0 liblvm2app2.2 liblzma-dev libmate-desktop-2-17
libmate-panel-applet-4-1 libmateweather-common libmateweather1 libmenu-cache-bin libmenu-cache3 libmetacity1 libmlt++3
libmlt6 libmovit8 libmuffin0 libmusicbrainz5-2 libmusicbrainz5cc2v5 libnautilus-extension1a libnet-libidn-perl libnice10
libnm-glib4 libnm-util2 libnotify-bin libostree-1-1 libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0v5 libpeas-1.0-python2loader
libpoppler-glib8 libpq5 libproxy1-plugin-gsettings libpython3.7-stdlib libqt4-opengl libqt5webkit5
libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer libreoffice-calc libreoffice-draw libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk3
libreoffice-impress libreoffice-ogltrans librhythmbox-core10 libsnapd-glib1 libspeechd2 libspice-server1 libthunarx-2-0
libtiff-dev libtiff5-dev libtimezonemap1 libunity-protocol-private0 libunity9 libunwind8 libvisio-0.1-1 libvolume-key1
libwayland-egl1-mesa libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwmf0.2-7 libwmf0.2-7-gtk libwnck-3-0 libxen-4.9
libxplayer-plparser18 libxplayer0 libxreaderdocument3 libxreaderview3 libyelp0 libzeitgeist-2.0-0 lightdm ltrace
lupin-casper lvm2 mate-desktop mate-desktop-common mate-panel mate-polkit melt metacity metacity-common
mint-meta-cinnamon mint-meta-codecs mint-meta-core mintbackup mintdrivers mintinstall mintlocale mintmenu mintreport
mintstick mintsystem mintupdate mintwelcome mousetweaks mozo mplayer muffin muffin-common muffin-dbg nautilus-data nemo
nemo-data nemo-dbg nemo-emblems nemo-fileroller nemo-preview nemo-share net-tools netplan.io network-manager-gnome
network-manager-openvpn network-manager-openvpn-gnome network-manager-pptp-gnome nplan nvidia-prime-applet
nvidia-settings obex-data-server obs-studio onboard openrazer-daemon openrazer-meta openssh-client orca packagekit-tools
pavucontrol pcmanfm php-cli php-gettext php-json-schema php-pear php-xml php7.0-gd php7.2-cli php7.2-dev php7.2-xml
phpmyadmin pinentry-gnome3 pinta pix pix-data pix-dbg pkg-config plymouth-label polo-file-manager polychromatic
postgresql postgresql-10 postgresql-client-10 postgresql-contrib printer-driver-postscript-hp pritunl-client-electron
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth python-appindicator python-apsw python-cairo python-dbus python-glade2 python-gtk2
python-nemo python3-numpy python3-openrazer python3.7 qemu-block-extra qemu-kvm qemu-system-common qemu-system-x86
qemu-utils qt5-style-plugins qwinff rawtherapee redshift redshift-gtk rhythmbox rhythmbox-data
rhythmbox-plugin-tray-icon rhythmbox-plugins seahorse session-migration sessioninstaller simple-scan slack-desktop
slick-greeter snapd sopcast-player speech-dispatcher speech-dispatcher-audio-plugins speech-dispatcher-espeak-ng
squashfs-tools ssh-askpass-gnome strace synaptic system-config-printer system-config-printer-common
system-config-printer-gnome system-config-printer-udev system-tools-backends teamviewer thermald thunar
thunar-archive-plugin thunar-gtkhash thunar-media-tags-plugin thunderbird-gnome-support timeshift tomboy
transmission-gtk ubuntu-minimal ubuntu-system-adjustments v4l-utils v4l2loopback-utils vim-tiny virtualbox-6.0 vlc
vlc-plugin-notify wget wmctrl xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk xdg-user-dirs-gtk xed xed-common xed-dbg xfe
xplayer xplayer-common xplayer-dbg xplayer-plugins xreader xreader-dbg xserver-xephyr xserver-xorg-input-wacom
xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-qxl xviewer xviewer-dbg xviewer-plugins xwayland yelp zenity zoom
The following NEW packages will be installed
libutempter0 lynx lynx-common xterm
0 to upgrade, 4 to newly install, 447 to remove and 8 not to upgrade.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 1,650 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,355 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
答案1
在真正的 Ubuntu 系统上，您可以非常轻松地修复此类问题。
警告：此答案不适用于 Mint 或其他非原装 Ubuntu 系统。
步骤 1：安装ubuntu-desktop元包。这将防止删除整个 Ubuntu 桌面堆栈。如果您使用的是其他版本，如 Kubuntu、Xubuntu 或 Lubuntu 等，请对元包名称进行相应的更改。
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop // Or kubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, etc.
步骤 2：查看您的（小得多的）孤立软件包列表。明确安装（或 apt-mark）任何您希望保留的软件包。如果您对建议的删除感到满意，请让 apt 删除它们。
apt autoremove --simulate // Review the list without any risk
sudo apt install package_name // Mark a package as ineligble for autoremoval
sudo apt-mark manual package_name // Another way to make a package ineligble for autoremoval
sudo apt autoremove // Actually uninstall orphaned packages