使用 apt

使用 apt

我是 Ubuntu 新手,正在尝试找到列出所有已安装软件包及其详细信息(如版本、发布、安装时间、Ubuntu 上的类别)的方法。发现以下命令可以帮助我获取其中一些信息:

1)dpkg -l

2)dpkg-query -W -f='${PackageSpec}\t${version}\t${Description}\n'

与 Redhat 不同,这里缺少安装时间和类别信息。有人知道检索这些详细信息的方法吗?

提前致谢。

答案1

简洁优雅:

sudo dpkg -l | more

或者

sudo dpkg -l | less

如果你想获得某些特定包的描述,请说firefox

sudo dpkg -l | grep firefox

这是我的输出:

$ sudo dpkg -l | more
 Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                        Version                                 Description
+++-===========================================-=======================================-==============================================================
================
ii  accountsservice                             0.6.15-2ubuntu9.4                       query and manipulate user account information
ii  acl                                         2.2.51-5ubuntu1                         Access control list utilities
ii  acpi-support                                0.140                                   scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii  acpid                                       1:2.0.10-1ubuntu3                       Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii  activity-log-manager-common                 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2                        blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (assets)
ii  activity-log-manager-control-center         0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2                        blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (control center integrat
ion)
ii  adduser                                     3.113ubuntu2                            add and remove users and groups
ii  adium-theme-ubuntu                          0.3.2-0ubuntu1                          Adium message style for Ubuntu
ii  aisleriot                                   1:3.2.3.2-0ubuntu1                      Solitaire card games
ii  akonadi-backend-mysql                       1.7.2-0ubuntu1                          MySQL storage backend for Akonadi
ii  akonadi-server                              1.7.2-0ubuntu1                          Akonadi PIM storage service
ii  alacarte                                    0.13.2-2ubuntu4                         easy GNOME menu editing tool
ii  alsa-base                                   1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1                    ALSA driver configuration files
ii  alsa-utils                                  1.0.25-1ubuntu5                         Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
ii  anacron                                     2.3-14ubuntu1                           cron-like program that doesn't go by time
ii  apg                                         2.2.3.dfsg.1-2                          Automated Password Generator - Standalone version
ii  app-install-data                            0.12.04.4                               Ubuntu applications (data files)
ii  app-install-data-partner                    12.12.04.1                              Application Installer (data files for partner applications/rep
ositories)
ii  apparmor                                    2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7                      User-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii  appmenu-gtk                                 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1                       Export GTK menus over DBus
ii  appmenu-gtk3                                0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1                       Export GTK menus over DBus
ii  appmenu-qt                                  0.2.6-0ubuntu1                          appmenu support for Qt
ii  apport                                      2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1                       automatically generate crash reports for debugging
ii  apport-gtk                                  2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1                       GTK+ frontend for the apport crash report system
ii  apport-symptoms                             0.16.1                                  symptom scripts for apport
ii  apt                                         0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  commandline package manager
ii  apt-transport-https                         0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  https download transport for APT
ii  apt-utils                                   0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7                  package managment related utility programs
--More--

获取软件包安装的日期和时间

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install "

获取特定包:

$cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install " | grep banshee
2013-12-12 12:51:48 install banshee <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extensions-common <none> 2.4.0-1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-radiostationfetcher <none> 2.4.0-    1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-soundmenu <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2

获取部分

$apt-cache show firefox | grep Section
Section: web

另请参阅:ListInstalledPackagesByDate

答案2

apt-cache showpkg <package>将为您提供有关可用软件包版本、正向和反向依赖关系等的详细信息。

apt-cache show <package>将提供描述,类别(部分)等。

我不知道如何查看软件包的安装时间。

答案3

使用 apt

列出已安装软件包的另一种方法是:

apt list --installed

所有已安装的软件包手动的可以通过以下方式打印

apt list --manual-installed

然而所有版本列出方式:

apt list --all-versions

这些命令非常有用。例如,如果你想将本地安装的软件包安装到另一台计算机上,你只需要执行以下命令

apt list --installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt

如果您只想手动安装软件包,请尝试以下操作:

 apt list --manual-installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt   

现在,您的所有 apt-packages 都已准备好安装到另一个或新安装的 Ubuntu 系统上。

sudo apt-get install < apt_packages.txt

详细说明

如果你想确切地知道什么时候什么哪个软件包已被删除,请查看你的

/var/log/apt

目录。例如在history.log文件中搜索或使用sedawkgrep或您最喜欢的文本编辑器来搜索您的历史文件。

答案4

打开文本编辑器并将以下内容粘贴到 anyname.sh 中,然后使其可执行

chmod +x  anyname.sh   

代码 :

#!/bin/bash
#pkginstalls.sh
#creates text file with a list of all packages installed by date

#first append all info from archived logs

i=2
mycount=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.*.gz | wc -l)
nlogs=$(( $mycount + 1 ))

while [ $i -le $nlogs ]
do
if [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz ]; then
zcat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz | grep "\ install\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt
fi
i=$(( $i+1 ))

done

#next append all info from unarchived logs

i=1
nulogs=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.* | wc -l)
nulogs=$(( $nulogs - $nlogs + 1 ))
while [ $i -le $nulogs ]
do
if [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i ]; then
cat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i | grep "\ install\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt
fi
i=$(( $i+1 ))

done

#next append current log

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep "\ install\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt

#sort text file by date

sort -n $HOME/pkgtmp.txt > $HOME/pkginstalls.txt

rm $HOME/pkgtmp.txt

exit 0

感谢 ubuntu 社区

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