尝试安装 postgresql 时出现错误。我将在下面解释我发现的问题，但以下是完整输出：
sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
postgresql-9.4 postgresql-common postgresql-contrib-9.4
Suggested packages:
postgresql-doc oidentd ident-server locales-all libdbd-pg-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
postgresql postgresql-9.4 postgresql-common postgresql-contrib
postgresql-contrib-9.4
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/4,436 kB of archives.
After this operation, 21.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-common.
(Reading database ... 408486 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-common_169.pgdg14.04+1_all.deb ...
Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/pg_config to /usr/bin/pg_config.libpq-dev by postgresql-common'
Unpacking postgresql-common (169.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-9.4.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-9.4_9.4.4-1.pgdg14.04+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-9.4 (9.4.4-1.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql_9.4+169.pgdg14.04+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql (9.4+169.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-contrib-9.4.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-contrib-9.4_9.4.4-1.pgdg14.04+1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-contrib-9.4 (9.4.4-1.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-contrib.
Preparing to unpack .../postgresql-contrib_9.4+169.pgdg14.04+1_all.deb ...
Unpacking postgresql-contrib (9.4+169.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Setting up postgresql-common (169.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Illegal option -d
Usage: install [<option>...] [<path>]
Install exercism client to <path>. Default:
* determined interactively if possible
* /usr/local/bin if run as root
* /usr/local/bin if it is writable
* /home/collin/bin otherwise
Options:
-v <version> Install client version <version>. Default: v2.2.0
-o <operating system> Install client for <operating system>. Default: linux
-a <architecture> Install client for <architecture>. Default: 64bit
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 64
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql-9.4:
postgresql-9.4 depends on postgresql-common (>= 142~); however:
Package postgresql-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-9.4 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql:
postgresql depends on postgresql-9.4; however:
Package postgresql-9.4 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql-contrib-9.4:
postgresql-contrib-9.4 depends on postgresql-9.4 (= 9.4.4-1.pgdg14.04+1); however:
Package postgresql-9.4 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-contrib-9.4 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of postgresql-contrib:
postgresql-contrib depends on postgresql-contrib-9.4; however:No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Package postgresql-contrib-9.4 is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package postgresql-contrib (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
postgresql-common
postgresql-9.4
postgresql
postgresql-contrib-9.4
postgresql-contrib
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
看起来它无法安装 postgresql-common，这会导致它在尝试安装其他 postgresql 包时引用的所有“依赖性问题”。在安装 postgresql-common 出错之前，它发出以下错误：
Setting up postgresql-common (169.pgdg14.04+1) ...
Illegal option -d
Usage: install [<option>...] [<path>]
Install exercism client to <path>. Default:
* determined interactively if possible
* /usr/local/bin if run as root
* /usr/local/bin if it is writable
* /home/collin/bin otherwise
Options:
-v <version> Install client version <version>. Default: v2.2.0
-o <operating system> Install client for <operating system>. Default: linux
-a <architecture> Install client for <architecture>. Default: 64bit
我认为这是指exercism.io我之前安装的客户端。奇怪的是，当我尝试运行service postgresql start（如建议的那样这里)，它吐出了同样的错误。在我清除所有 postgresql 包后，当我尝试时service postgresql start，它只是说postgresql: unrecognized service。
所有这些都让我认为 exercism 客户端与问题有关。我对 Ubuntu 没什么经验，所以我不知道该怎么做，我可能错了。我尝试删除对 exercism 的所有引用，包括我的 $HOME/bin 中的 exercism 文件，以及放置在我的 bash 配置文件中的 $PATH 的相应添加。这样做根本没有改变我的结果。exercism 网站似乎没有关于卸载客户端的任何支持，所以我不知道是否还有其他我应该做的事情。任何意见都将不胜感激。
PS 我做了一些基本的事情，比如清理我的软件包，卸载 postgresql 软件包，重启电脑，然后尝试重新安装它们（详情如下）这里和这里），但并无效果。
编辑：的输出sudo which install是/usr/local/bin/install。
答案1
显然，您已将installexercism.io 命令下载或安装到 中/usr/local/bin。请将其移动到不在您的 $PATH 中的另一个位置，或者如果不再需要它，请将其删除。