我只是尝试将我的系统从 Debian Jessie 升级到stretch。首先我改为/etc/apt/sources.list：
deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
然后我就跑了apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get dist-upgrade。现在我因未满足的依赖关系而陷入困境：
a@b ~ % sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
aptitude : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
calibre-bin : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
Recommends: calibre (>= 2.75.1+dfsg-1) but 2.5.0+dfsg-1 is installed
djvulibre-bin : Depends: libdjvulibre21 (= 3.5.25.4-4+b1) but 3.5.27.1-7 is installed
easytag : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.9.1) but it is not installable
evolution : Depends: evolution-data-server (< 3.13) but 3.22.7-1 is installed
evolution-data-server : Depends: libebook-1.2-16 (>= 3.17) but it is not installed
Depends: libebook-contacts-1.2-2 (>= 3.16.2) but it is not installed
Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.92) but it is not installed
Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
Depends: evolution-data-server-common (= 3.22.7-1) but 3.12.9~git20141128.5242b0-2+deb8u3 is installed
gedit : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 : Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.13.91) but it is not installed
gnome-online-accounts : Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.8.1) but it is not installed
gnome-online-miners : Depends: grilo-plugins-0.3 but it is not installed
gnome-system-monitor : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
gparted : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
gvfs : Depends: gvfs-daemons (< 1.22.2-1.1~)
Depends: gvfs-libs (= 1.22.2-1) but 1.30.4-1 is installed
Depends: gvfs-common (= 1.22.2-1) but 1.30.4-1 is installed
gvfs-backends : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
Depends: gvfs (= 1.30.4-1) but 1.22.2-1 is installed
gvfs-bin : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
gvfs-daemons : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
gvfs-libs : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
imagescan : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
inkscape : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libatkmm-1.6-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libavfilter5 : Depends: libopencv-core2.4 but it is not installable
Depends: libopencv-imgproc2.4 but it is not installable
libboost-date-time1.55-dev : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 (= 1.55.0+dfsg-3) but it is not installable
libcairomm-1.0-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libcamel-1.2-59 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libclutter-1.0-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.0) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libcmis-0.4-4 : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 but it is not installable
libcpan-meta-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.21.5) but 5.20.2-3+deb8u7 is installed or
libjson-pp-perl (>= 2.27300)
libcwidget3 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libebackend-1.2-10 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libecal-1.2-19 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.17) but it is not installed
libedata-book-1.2-25 : Depends: libebook-contacts-1.2-2 (>= 3.16.2) but it is not installed
Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libedata-cal-1.2-28 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libfarstream-0.1-0 : Depends: gstreamer0.10-plugins-good (>= 0.10.29) but it is not installable
libgdal1h : Depends: libdapserver7 but it is not installable
libgirepository-1.0-1 : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.50.0) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
libglibmm-2.4-1c2a : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgoa-backend-1.0-1 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.12) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.8.1) but it is not installed
libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgtkmm-3.0-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgtksourceview-3.0-1 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.12) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libical2 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libnautilus-extension1a : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.1) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
libopenmpi-dev : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 (= 1.6.5-9.1+deb8u1) but it is not installable
libpangomm-1.4-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libphonenumber6 : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 but it is not installable
libqt5core5a : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libqt5webkit5 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-core : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-evolution : Depends: libebook-1.2-16 but it is not installed
libreoffice-gtk2 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
librhythmbox-core10 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libscotch-5.1 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libsoprano4 : Depends: libclucene-core1 (>= 2.3.3.4) but it is not installable
libtag1v5-vanilla : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libtotem0 : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-12 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed
Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libvtk5.8 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libvtk6.1 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libxml++2.6-2 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
lightspark-common : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
open-vm-tools-desktop : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
openmpi-bin : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
paraview : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
pavucontrol : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
perl-doc : Depends: perl (>= 5.24.1-1) but 5.20.2-3+deb8u7 is installed
python-vtk6 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
python3 : Depends: python3-minimal (= 3.4.2-2) but 3.5.3-1 is installed
Depends: libpython3-stdlib (= 3.4.2-2) but 3.5.3-1 is installed
python3-apt : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-brlapi : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-cairo : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-dbus : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-dev : Depends: python3 (= 3.5.3-1) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-gi-cairo : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
Depends: python3-gi (= 3.22.0-2) but 3.14.0-1 is installed
python3-markupsafe : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pil : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pyqt5 : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pyqt5.qtwebkit : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-sip : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-uno : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-yaml : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
rhythmbox : Depends: rhythmbox-data (= 3.1-1) but 3.4.1-2 is installed
rhythmbox-plugins : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
Depends: rhythmbox (= 3.4.1-2+b1) but 3.1-1 is installed
spamassassin : Depends: libmail-dkim-perl but it is not installed
texlive-binaries : Depends: libptexenc1 (< 2014.20140926.35254-6.1~) but 2016.20160513.41080.dfsg-2 is installed
Depends: libkpathsea6 (< 2014.20140926.35254-6.1~) but 2016.20160513.41080.dfsg-2 is installed
totem : Depends: libtotem0 (< 3.15) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
Depends: totem-common (= 3.14.0-2) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
totem-plugins : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
Depends: totem (= 3.22.1-1) but 3.14.0-2 is installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.9.1) but it is not installable
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
如果我运行apt --fix-broken install问题仍然存在：
a@b ~ % sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... failed.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
aptitude : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
calibre-bin : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
Recommends: calibre (>= 2.75.1+dfsg-1) but 2.5.0+dfsg-1 is installed
[The same as in the upper error log]
totem : Depends: libtotem0 (< 3.15) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
Depends: totem-common (= 3.14.0-2) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
totem-plugins : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
Depends: totem (= 3.22.1-1) but 3.14.0-2 is installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.9.1) but it is not installable
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
E: Unable to correct dependencies
的输出apt-get dist-upgrade：
a@b ~ % sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
aptitude : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
calibre-bin : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
Recommends: calibre (>= 2.75.1+dfsg-1) but 2.5.0+dfsg-1 is installed
djvulibre-bin : Depends: libdjvulibre21 (= 3.5.25.4-4+b1) but 3.5.27.1-7 is installed
easytag : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.9.1) but it is not installable
evolution : Depends: evolution-data-server (< 3.13) but 3.22.7-1 is installed
evolution-data-server : Depends: libebook-1.2-16 (>= 3.17) but it is not installed
Depends: libebook-contacts-1.2-2 (>= 3.16.2) but it is not installed
Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.92) but it is not installed
Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
Depends: evolution-data-server-common (= 3.22.7-1) but 3.12.9~git20141128.5242b0-2+deb8u3 is installed
gedit : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
gir1.2-webkit2-4.0 : Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.13.91) but it is not installed
gnome-online-accounts : Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.8.1) but it is not installed
gnome-online-miners : Depends: grilo-plugins-0.3 but it is not installed
gnome-system-monitor : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
gparted : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
gvfs : Depends: gvfs-daemons (< 1.22.2-1.1~)
Depends: gvfs-libs (= 1.22.2-1) but 1.30.4-1 is installed
Depends: gvfs-common (= 1.22.2-1) but 1.30.4-1 is installed
gvfs-backends : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
Depends: gvfs (= 1.30.4-1) but 1.22.2-1 is installed
gvfs-bin : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
gvfs-daemons : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
gvfs-libs : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.3) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
imagescan : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
inkscape : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libatkmm-1.6-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libavfilter5 : Depends: libopencv-core2.4 but it is not installable
Depends: libopencv-imgproc2.4 but it is not installable
libboost-date-time1.55-dev : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 (= 1.55.0+dfsg-3) but it is not installable
libcairomm-1.0-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libcamel-1.2-59 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libclutter-1.0-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libclutter-gtk-1.0-0 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.21.0) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libcmis-0.4-4 : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 but it is not installable
libcpan-meta-perl : Depends: perl (>= 5.21.5) but 5.20.2-3+deb8u7 is installed or
libjson-pp-perl (>= 2.27300)
libcwidget3 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libebackend-1.2-10 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libecal-1.2-19 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.17) but it is not installed
libedata-book-1.2-25 : Depends: libebook-contacts-1.2-2 (>= 3.16.2) but it is not installed
Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libedata-cal-1.2-28 : Depends: libedataserver-1.2-22 (>= 3.21.90) but it is not installed
libfarstream-0.1-0 : Depends: gstreamer0.10-plugins-good (>= 0.10.29) but it is not installable
libgdal1h : Depends: libdapserver7 but it is not installable
libgirepository-1.0-1 : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.50.0) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
libglibmm-2.4-1c2a : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgoa-backend-1.0-1 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.12) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
Depends: libwebkit2gtk-4.0-37 (>= 2.8.1) but it is not installed
libgtkmm-2.4-1c2a : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgtkmm-3.0-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libgtksourceview-3.0-1 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.12) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libical2 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libjavascriptcoregtk-4.0-18 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libnautilus-extension1a : Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.49.1) but 2.48.0-1~bpo8+1 is installed
libopenmpi-dev : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 (= 1.6.5-9.1+deb8u1) but it is not installable
libpangomm-1.4-1 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
libphonenumber6 : Depends: libboost-date-time1.55.0 but it is not installable
libqt5core5a : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libqt5webkit5 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-calc : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-core : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-draw : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-evolution : Depends: libebook-1.2-16 but it is not installed
libreoffice-gtk2 : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libreoffice-writer : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
librhythmbox-core10 : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.16.2) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libscotch-5.1 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libsoprano4 : Depends: libclucene-core1 (>= 2.3.3.4) but it is not installable
libtag1v5-vanilla : Depends: libicu57 (>= 57.1-1~) but it is not installed
libtotem0 : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-12 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed
Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
libvtk5.8 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libvtk6.1 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
libxml++2.6-2 : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
lightspark-common : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
open-vm-tools-desktop : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
openmpi-bin : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
paraview : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
pavucontrol : Depends: libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.2.0) but it is not installable
perl-doc : Depends: perl (>= 5.24.1-1) but 5.20.2-3+deb8u7 is installed
python-vtk6 : Depends: libopenmpi1.6 but it is not installable
python3 : Depends: python3-minimal (= 3.4.2-2) but 3.5.3-1 is installed
Depends: libpython3-stdlib (= 3.4.2-2) but 3.5.3-1 is installed
python3-apt : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-brlapi : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-cairo : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-dbus : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-dev : Depends: python3 (= 3.5.3-1) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-gi-cairo : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
Depends: python3-gi (= 3.22.0-2) but 3.14.0-1 is installed
python3-markupsafe : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pil : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pyqt5 : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-pyqt5.qtwebkit : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-sip : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-uno : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
python3-yaml : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
rhythmbox : Depends: rhythmbox-data (= 3.1-1) but 3.4.1-2 is installed
rhythmbox-plugins : Depends: python3 (>= 3.5~) but 3.4.2-2 is installed
Depends: rhythmbox (= 3.4.1-2+b1) but 3.1-1 is installed
spamassassin : Depends: libmail-dkim-perl but it is not installed
texlive-binaries : Depends: libptexenc1 (< 2014.20140926.35254-6.1~) but 2016.20160513.41080.dfsg-2 is installed
Depends: libkpathsea6 (< 2014.20140926.35254-6.1~) but 2016.20160513.41080.dfsg-2 is installed
totem : Depends: libtotem0 (< 3.15) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
Depends: totem-common (= 3.14.0-2) but 3.22.1-1 is installed
totem-plugins : Depends: libgtk-3-0 (>= 3.19.4) but 3.14.5-1+deb8u1 is installed
Depends: totem (= 3.22.1-1) but 3.14.0-2 is installed
vlc-nox : Depends: libtag1c2a (>= 1.9.1) but it is not installable
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
有什么办法可以解决呢？
答案1
我将问题追溯到手动安装python3.5.
rm -r /usr/local/python*按照中所述手动将其删除 ( ) 后这个错误，dist 升级效果很好。