SystemError: E：需要重新安装包登录，但我找不到它的存档。
$ sudo dpkg --audit
[sudo] password for maldonado:
The following packages are in a mess due to serious problems during
installation. They must be reinstalled for them (and any packages
that depend on them) to function properly:
login system login tools
The following packages are missing the list control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse X.Org X server -- VMMouse input driver to use with
libexempi3:i386 library to parse XMP metadata (Library)
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk manage release upgrades
libgtkspell0 a spell-checking addon for GTK's TextView widget
python-pkg-resources Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources...
...file
libitm1:i386 GNU Transactional Memory Library
policykit-1 framework for managing administrative policies and privil
software-properties-gtk manage the repositories that you install software from
gnome-control-center-shared-data configuration applets for GNOME - shared data
upower abstraction for power management
libnfnetlink0:i386 Netfilter netlink library
unity-scope-gourmet Gourmet Recipe Manager scope for Unity
pptp-linux Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Client
libcupsimage2:i386 Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - Raster image library
checkbox-qt QT4 interface for checkbox
p7zip 7z file archiver with high compression ratio
growisofs DVD+-RW/R recorder
usbmuxd USB multiplexor daemon for iPhone and iPod Touch devices
libjson-glib-1.0-common GLib JSON manipulation library (common files)
libwrap0:i386 Wietse Venema's TCP wrappers library
cups Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - PPD/driver support, web
activity-log-manager blacklist configuration user interface for Zeitgeist
libkrb5-3:i386 MIT Kerberos runtime libraries
pipelight-multi allows usage of Windows NPAPI plugins through Wine
lsof Utility to list open files
pulseaudio-module-bluetooth Bluetooth module for PulseAudio sound server
libpython2.7-minimal:i386 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
liblockfile1:i386 NFS-safe locking library
libxau6:i386 X11 authorisation library
libssh2-1:i386 SSH2 client-side library
linux-image-3.13.0-35-generic Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 32 bit
libio-string-perl Emulate IO::File interface for in-core strings
qtdeclarative5-qtfeedback-plugin:i386 Qt Feedback module - QML plugin
gnome-power-manager power management tool for the GNOME desktop
The following packages are missing the md5sums control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
google-earth-stable Explore, search and discover the planet
答案1
您最近有没有使用过sudo（需要重新安装login）？要小心。
以下是我得到的方法我的系统（YMMV）告诉我如何做：
w3@aardvark:~(0)$ type -p login
/bin/login
w3@aardvark:~(0)$ dpkg -S $(!!)
dpkg -S $(type -p login)
login: /bin/login
w3@aardvark:~(0)$ dpkg -l $(!! |cut -d: -f1)
dpkg -l $(dpkg -S $(type -p login) |cut -d: -f1)
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================================-==========================-==========================-=========================================================================================
ii login 1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5.3 amd64 system login tools
w3@aardvark:~(0)$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall --dry-run $(dpkg -S $(type -p login) |cut -d: -f1)
[sudo] password for w3:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libdvbpsi10 libffmpegthumbnailer4v5 libllvm3.8 libllvm3.8:i386 libproxy-tools libupnp6 libva-drm1 linux-headers-4.4.0-83 linux-headers-4.4.0-83-generic linux-headers-4.4.0-87
linux-headers-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-4.4.0-83-generic linux-image-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-83-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-87-generic linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-83-generic linux-tools-4.4.0-87 linux-tools-4.4.0-87-generic pmount
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Inst login [1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5.3] (1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5.3 Ubuntu:16.04/xenial-updates, Ubuntu:16.04/xenial-security [amd64])
Conf login (1:4.2-3.1ubuntu5.3 Ubuntu:16.04/xenial-updates, Ubuntu:16.04/xenial-security [amd64])