我希望我的电脑中有各种虚拟环境，其中一些运行 python 2.7，另一些运行 python3，其中一些必须具有完整的 matplotlib 支持，这是在--system-syte-packages创建虚拟环境时实现的（请参阅matplotlib 常见问题）。
因此，我需要为两个 Python 版本构建 matplotlib 的依赖项。我开始这样做：
sudo apt-get build-dep python-matplotlib
一切都安装正确，然后我尝试运行：
sudo apt-get build-dep python3-matplotlib
它什么也没做，只打印了以下消息：
Reading package lists... Done
Picking 'matplotlib' as source package instead of 'python3-matplotlib'
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 to upgrade, 0 to newly install, 0 to remove and 6 not to upgrade.
如何解决这个问题？欢迎提供相关解决方案pip。apt-get
编辑：
我可以在 python3 虚拟环境中毫无问题地安装 matplotlib，但是它不支持许多后端。例如：
>>> import matplotlib
>>> matplotlib.use('GTK')
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/oriol/venvs/pic_python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk.py", line 17, in <module>
import gobject
ImportError: No module named 'gobject'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/oriol/venvs/pic_python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 115, in <module>
_backend_mod, new_figure_manager, draw_if_interactive, _show = pylab_setup()
File "/home/oriol/venvs/pic_python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/__init__.py", line 62, in pylab_setup
[backend_name], 0)
File "/home/oriol/venvs/pic_python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_gtk.py", line 21, in <module>
raise ImportError("Gtk* backend requires pygtk to be installed.")
ImportError: Gtk* backend requires pygtk to be installed.
尽管pip freeze虚拟环境里面包含了pygobject==3.20.0。我以为这pygobject可能是 python2 ，但是sys.path虚拟环境中的 是：
['', '/usr/lib/python35.zip', '/usr/lib/python3.5', '/usr/lib/python3.5/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu', '/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload', '/home/oriol/venvs/pic_python3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages']