我最近购买了一台 Dell XPS 9570。我花了一天的大部分时间尝试在其上安装 Ubuntu 以实现与 Windows 的双启动。在遇到一些无法让 Nvidia 显卡驱动程序正常工作的问题后，我决定删除 Ubuntu 分区并尝试重新安装。但现在当我尝试安装时，它只在可能的安装位置显示“/dev/sda”。将启动顺序更改为优先于 Windows 而不是 grub 后，Windows 仍可正常启动。我尝试从 live cd 运行启动修复，这是输出：
Boot Info Script 8f991e4 + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info 25oct2017]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> No known boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /dev/sda1 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sda1 busy
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT16
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda2 starts
at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk,
sda2 starts at sector 3138412. According to the info
in the boot sector, sda2 has 0 sectors.
Mounting failed: mount: /dev/sda1 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sda1 busy
mount: /dev/sda2 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sda2 busy
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 14.4 GiB, 15502147584 bytes, 30277632 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 * 0 3,172,287 3,172,288 0 Empty
/dev/sda2 3,138,412 3,143,147 4,736 ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
/dev/sda1 overlaps with /dev/sda2
GUID Partition Table detected, but does not seem to be used.
Partition Attrs Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1 + R 0 3,172,231 3,172,232 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda2 + R 3,138,412 3,143,147 4,736 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
Attributes: R=Required, N=No Block IO, B=Legacy BIOS Bootable, +=More bits set
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 2018-02-28-19-15-18-00 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS amd64
/dev/sda2 B51F-26E1 vfat
========================= "ls -l /dev/disk/by-id" output: ======================
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jun 7 23:08 usb-Kingston_DataTraveler_3.0_60A44C413C4EBFA099840043-0:0 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 7 23:08 usb-Kingston_DataTraveler_3.0_60A44C413C4EBFA099840043-0:0-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 7 23:08 usb-Kingston_DataTraveler_3.0_60A44C413C4EBFA099840043-0:0-part2 -> ../../sda2
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sda /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048)
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown MBR on /dev/sda
00000000 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ER..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020 33 ed fa 8e d5 bc 00 7c fb fc 66 31 db 66 31 c9 |3......|..f1.f1.|
00000030 66 53 66 51 06 57 8e dd 8e c5 52 be 00 7c bf 00 |fSfQ.W....R..|..|
00000040 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea 4b 06 00 00 52 b4 41 bb aa |.......K...R.A..|
00000050 55 31 c9 30 f6 f9 cd 13 72 16 81 fb 55 aa 75 10 |U1.0....r...U.u.|
00000060 83 e1 01 74 0b 66 c7 06 f1 06 b4 42 eb 15 eb 00 |...t.f.....B....|
00000070 5a 51 b4 08 cd 13 83 e1 3f 5b 51 0f b6 c6 40 50 |ZQ......?[Q...@P|
00000080 f7 e1 53 52 50 bb 00 7c b9 04 00 66 a1 b0 07 e8 |..SRP..|...f....|
00000090 44 00 0f 82 80 00 66 40 80 c7 02 e2 f2 66 81 3e |[email protected].>|
000000a0 40 7c fb c0 78 70 75 09 fa bc ec 7b ea 44 7c 00 |@|..xpu....{.D|.|
000000b0 00 e8 83 00 69 73 6f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2e 62 69 6e |....isolinux.bin|
000000c0 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 63 6f 72 72 | missing or corr|
000000d0 75 70 74 2e 0d 0a 66 60 66 31 d2 66 03 06 f8 7b |upt...f`f1.f...{|
000000e0 66 13 16 fc 7b 66 52 66 50 06 53 6a 01 6a 10 89 |f...{fRfP.Sj.j..|
000000f0 e6 66 f7 36 e8 7b c0 e4 06 88 e1 88 c5 92 f6 36 |.f.6.{.........6|
00000100 ee 7b 88 c6 08 e1 41 b8 01 02 8a 16 f2 7b cd 13 |.{....A......{..|
00000110 8d 64 10 66 61 c3 e8 1e 00 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 |.d.fa....Operati|
00000120 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 65 |ng system load e|
00000130 72 72 6f 72 2e 0d 0a 5e ac b4 0e 8a 3e 62 04 b3 |rror...^....>b..|
00000140 07 cd 10 3c 0a 75 f1 cd 18 f4 eb fd 00 00 00 00 |...<.u..........|
00000150 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000160 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000170 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000180 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000190 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001b0 5c 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 2a 0f 55 00 00 80 00 |\.......&*.U....|
000001c0 01 00 00 60 e0 fd 00 00 00 00 c0 67 30 00 00 fe |...`.......g0...|
000001d0 ff ff ef fe ff ff 6c e3 2f 00 80 12 00 00 00 00 |......l./.......|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
/dev/sda1: unknown GPT attributes
1000000000000001
/dev/sda2: unknown GPT attributes
1000000000000001
Unknown BootLoader on sda1
00000000 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ER..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020 33 ed fa 8e d5 bc 00 7c fb fc 66 31 db 66 31 c9 |3......|..f1.f1.|
00000030 66 53 66 51 06 57 8e dd 8e c5 52 be 00 7c bf 00 |fSfQ.W....R..|..|
00000040 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea 4b 06 00 00 52 b4 41 bb aa |.......K...R.A..|
00000050 55 31 c9 30 f6 f9 cd 13 72 16 81 fb 55 aa 75 10 |U1.0....r...U.u.|
00000060 83 e1 01 74 0b 66 c7 06 f1 06 b4 42 eb 15 eb 00 |...t.f.....B....|
00000070 5a 51 b4 08 cd 13 83 e1 3f 5b 51 0f b6 c6 40 50 |ZQ......?[Q...@P|
00000080 f7 e1 53 52 50 bb 00 7c b9 04 00 66 a1 b0 07 e8 |..SRP..|...f....|
00000090 44 00 0f 82 80 00 66 40 80 c7 02 e2 f2 66 81 3e |[email protected].>|
000000a0 40 7c fb c0 78 70 75 09 fa bc ec 7b ea 44 7c 00 |@|..xpu....{.D|.|
000000b0 00 e8 83 00 69 73 6f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2e 62 69 6e |....isolinux.bin|
000000c0 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 63 6f 72 72 | missing or corr|
000000d0 75 70 74 2e 0d 0a 66 60 66 31 d2 66 03 06 f8 7b |upt...f`f1.f...{|
000000e0 66 13 16 fc 7b 66 52 66 50 06 53 6a 01 6a 10 89 |f...{fRfP.Sj.j..|
000000f0 e6 66 f7 36 e8 7b c0 e4 06 88 e1 88 c5 92 f6 36 |.f.6.{.........6|
00000100 ee 7b 88 c6 08 e1 41 b8 01 02 8a 16 f2 7b cd 13 |.{....A......{..|
00000110 8d 64 10 66 61 c3 e8 1e 00 4f 70 65 72 61 74 69 |.d.fa....Operati|
00000120 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6c 6f 61 64 20 65 |ng system load e|
00000130 72 72 6f 72 2e 0d 0a 5e ac b4 0e 8a 3e 62 04 b3 |rror...^....>b..|
00000140 07 cd 10 3c 0a 75 f1 cd 18 f4 eb fd 00 00 00 00 |...<.u..........|
00000150 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001b0 5c 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 26 2a 0f 55 00 00 80 00 |\.......&*.U....|
000001c0 01 00 00 60 e0 fd 00 00 00 00 c0 67 30 00 00 fe |...`.......g0...|
000001d0 ff ff ef fe ff ff 6c e3 2f 00 80 12 00 00 00 00 |......l./.......|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
File descriptor 9 (/proc/15543/mounts) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 20305: bash
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[46554]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 20305: bash
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
=================== log of boot-repair 20180607_2307 ===================
boot-repair version : 4ppa65
boot-sav version : 4ppa65
boot-sav-extra version : 4ppa65
glade2script version : 3.2.3~ppa4
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda1. Check your device.map.
Warning: The driver descriptor says the physical block size is 2048 bytes, but Linux says it is 512 bytes.
boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS, xenial, Ubuntu, x86_64)
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
BOOT_IMAGE=/casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash nomodeset ---
ls: cannot access '/home/usr/.config': No such file or directory
=================== os-prober:
=================== blkid:
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="2018-02-28-19-15-18-00" LABEL="Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS amd64" TYPE="iso9660" PTUUID="550f2a26" PTTYPE="dos" PARTUUID="550f2a26-01"
/dev/sda2: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="B51F-26E1" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="550f2a26-02"
=================== efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0003
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001,0002,0003
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,17d38a63-10e3-4fb6-bf42-105e39e341e5,0x800,0x145000)/File(EFIMicrosoftBootbootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}....................
Boot0001* ubuntu HD(1,GPT,17d38a63-10e3-4fb6-bf42-105e39e341e5,0x800,0x145000)/File(EFIubuntushimx64.efi)
Boot0002* UEFI: KingstonDataTraveler 3.0PMAP PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(16,0)/CDROM(1,0x2fe36c,0x4a00)..BO
Boot0003* UEFI: KingstonDataTraveler 3.0PMAP, Partition 2 PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(16,0)/HD(2,MBR,0x38,0x2fe36c,0x1280)..BO
=================== UEFI/Legacy mode:
BIOS is EFI-compatible, and is setup in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot enabled.
=================== PARTITIONS & DISKS:
=================== parted -lm:
BYT;
/dev/sda:15.5GB:scsi:512:512:unknown:Kingston DataTraveler 3.0:;
=================== lsblk:
KNAME TYPE FSTYPE SIZE LABEL
loop0 loop squashfs 1.5G
sda disk iso9660 14.4G Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS amd64
sda2 part vfat 2.3M Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS amd64
sda1 part iso9660 1.5G Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS amd64
KNAME ROTA RO RM STATE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 1 1 0 /rofs
sda 1 0 1 running /cdrom
sda2 1 0 1
sda1 1 0 1
=================== mount:
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=8011324k,nr_inodes=2002831,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=1605812k,mode=755)
/dev/sda on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
aufs on / type aufs (rw,noatime,si=4c8e8751f85d58b2)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=34,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=18649)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/debug/tracing type tracefs (rw,relatime)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/999 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1605812k,mode=700,uid=999,gid=999)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/999/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=999,group_id=999)
=================== ls:
/sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight integrity power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/dev (filtered): acpi_thermal_rel autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency cuse disk ecryptfs fb0 fd freefall full fuse gpiochip0 hidraw0 hpet hugepages hwrng i2c-0 i2c-1 initctl input kmsg kvm lightnvm log mapper mcelog media0 mem memory_bandwidth mqueue net network_latency network_throughput null port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 serial sg0 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout tpm0 tpmrm0 uhid uinput urandom userio v4l vfio vga_arbiter vhci vhost-net vhost-vsock video0 zero
ls /dev/mapper: control
=================== df -Th:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 9.5M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda iso9660 1.6G 1.6G 0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0 squashfs 1.5G 1.5G 0 100% /rofs
aufs aufs 7.7G 57M 7.7G 1% /
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 184K 7.7G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 0 7.7G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs tmpfs 7.7G 300K 7.7G 1% /tmp
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 92K 1.6G 1% /run/user/999
=================== fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/loop0: 1.5 GiB, 1564921856 bytes, 3056488 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 14.4 GiB, 15502147584 bytes, 30277632 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x550f2a26
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 0 3172287 3172288 1.5G 0 Empty
/dev/sda2 3138412 3143147 4736 2.3M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
Error: no partitions
Gtk-Message: GtkDialog mapped without a transient parent. This is discouraged.
=================== Suggested repair
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would not act on the MBR.
Additional repair would be performed: repair-filesystems
=================== User settings
The settings chosen by the user will not act on the boot.
有人知道我该如何解决这个问题吗？提前谢谢，如果需要更多信息请告诉我。
答案1
我相信您的笔记本电脑使用的是 NVMe 存储，因此驱动器和分区应具有 nvme 前缀，而不是 sd。在我的 NVMe 笔记本电脑驱动器上，它看起来像这样：
ls -la /dev/nvme0*
crw------- 1 root root 242, 0 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 0 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 1 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 2 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 3 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 4 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p4
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 5 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 259, 6 Jun 7 10:27 /dev/nvme0n1p6
对于我的系统，第一个存储是 nvme0n1，我仍然可以使用 fdisk 来配置它。
sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 953.9 GiB, 1024209543168 bytes, 2000409264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXX
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 534527 532480 260M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 534528 567295 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p3 567296 1678288895 1677721600 800G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p4 1945931776 1998360575 52428800 25G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p5 1998360576 2000408575 2048000 1000M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p6 1678288896 1945931775 267642880 127.6G Linux filesystem
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
Command (m for help):
PS：@Terrance 是对的，您看到的 sda 是您的 USB 启动驱动器。