我的 Ubuntu 桌面在启动后（登录 Ubuntu 后）随机挂起，并出现如下水平线：
操作系统-Ubuntu 18.04
编辑：。添加了硬件详细信息：
处理器：英特尔 i3
内存 16 GB
（我已经在这台电脑上运行 Ubuntu 一年多了，但几天前出现了这个问题）有人可以帮忙吗？
编辑 1： lshw 输出：
description: Computer
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smp vsyscall32
*-core
description: Motherboard
physical id: 0
*-memory
description: System memory
physical id: 0
size: 15GiB
*-cpu
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-4130 CPU @ 3.40GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 1
bus info: cpu@0
size: 1665MHz
capacity: 3400MHz
width: 64 bits
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm cpuid_fault invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt dtherm arat pln pts md_clear flush_l1d cpufreq
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: 4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 06
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=hsw_uncore
resources: irq:0
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: 4th Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 06
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:30 memory:f0000000-f03fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
*-multimedia:0
description: Audio device
product: Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 3
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0
version: 06
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:31 memory:f0434000-f0437fff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:26 memory:f0420000-f042ffff
*-communication
description: Communication controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 16
bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
version: 04
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
resources: irq:29 memory:f0440000-f044000f
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: Ethernet Connection I217-V
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 19
bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0
logical name: enp0s25
version: 05
serial: d0:50:99:29:62:71
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k duplex=full firmware=0.13-4 ip=192.168.29.156 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=100Mbit/s
resources: irq:28 memory:f0400000-f041ffff memory:f043d000-f043dfff ioport:f080(size=32)
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f043c000-f043c3ff
*-multimedia:1
description: Audio device
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:32 memory:f0430000-f0433fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: d5
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:24 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:dfa00000-dfbfffff ioport:dfc00000(size=2097152)
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801 PCI Bridge
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3
version: d5
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:25
*-pci
description: PCI bridge
product: ASM1083/1085 PCIe to PCI Bridge
vendor: ASMedia Technology Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:23 memory:f043b000-f043b3ff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: B85 Express LPC Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:27 ioport:f0d0(size=8) ioport:f0c0(size=4) ioport:f0b0(size=8) ioport:f0a0(size=4) ioport:f060(size=32) memory:f043a000-f043a7ff
*-serial UNCLAIMED
description: SMBus
product: 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:f0439000-f04390ff ioport:f040(size=32)
*-scsi
physical id: 2
logical name: scsi4
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: iHAS124 E
vendor: ATAPI
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@4:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: 4L07
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
编辑2： lswh -C 内存的输出：
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 0
version: P2.10
date: 07/03/2014
size: 64KiB
capacity: 8128KiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: b
slot: CPU Internal L1
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: internal write-back
configuration: level=1
*-cache:0
description: L2 cache
physical id: d
slot: CPU Internal L2
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:1
description: L3 cache
physical id: e
slot: CPU Internal L3
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
configuration: level=3
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: f
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 16GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: M378B5173QH0-CK0
vendor: Samsung
physical id: 0
serial: 14731022
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: M378B5173QH0-CK0
vendor: Samsung
physical id: 1
serial: 14722443
slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: M378B5173QH0-CK0
vendor: Samsung
physical id: 2
serial: 14730622
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)
product: M378B5173QH0-CK0
vendor: Samsung
physical id: 3
serial: 14010719
slot: ChannelB-DIMM1
size: 4GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1600MHz (0.6ns)
编辑 3：Memtest86 结果（BIOS 更新后）：
Summary
Report Date 2020-06-09 01:28:27
Generated by MemTest86 V8.4 Free (64-bit)
Result PASS
System Information
EFI Specifications 2.31
System
Manufacturer To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Product Name To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Version To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Serial Number To Be Filled By O.E.M.
BIOS
Vendor American Megatrends Inc.
Version P2.50
Release Date 12/11/2015
Baseboard
Manufacturer ASRock
Product Name B85M Pro4
Version
Serial Number E80-45025001224
CPU Type Intel Core i3-4130 @ 3.40GHz
CPU Clock 3392 MHz
# Logical Processors 4 (2 enabled for testing)
L1 Cache 4 x 64K (175576 MB/s)
L2 Cache 4 x 256K (53978 MB/s)
L3 Cache 3072K (40268 MB/s)
Memory 16050M (18165 MB/s)
DIMM Slot #0 4GB DDR3 PC3-12800
Samsung / M378B5173QH0-CK0 / 95490AE5
11-11-11-28 / 1600 MHz / 1.5V
DIMM Slot #1 4GB DDR3 PC3-12800
Samsung / M378B5173QH0-CK0 / 9548F12B
11-11-11-28 / 1600 MHz / 1.5V
DIMM Slot #2 4GB DDR3 PC3-12800
Samsung / M378B5173QH0-CK0 / 954906E4
11-11-11-28 / 1600 MHz / 1.5V
DIMM Slot #3 4GB DDR3 PC3-12800
Samsung / M378B5173QH0-CK0 / 920107C4
11-11-11-28 / 1600 MHz / 1.5V
Result summary
Test Start Time 2020-06-08 15:58:46
Elapsed Time 4:08:12
Memory Range Tested 0x0 - 41E600000 (16870MB)
CPU Selection Mode Parallel (All CPUs)
ECC Polling Enabled
# Tests Passed 48/48 (100%)
Test # Tests Passed Errors
Test 0 [Address test, walking ones, 1 CPU] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 1 [Address test, own address, 1 CPU] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 2 [Address test, own address] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 3 [Moving inversions, ones & zeroes] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 4 [Moving inversions, 8-bit pattern] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 5 [Moving inversions, random pattern] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 6 [Block move, 64-byte blocks] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 7 [Moving inversions, 32-bit pattern] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 8 [Random number sequence] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 9 [Modulo 20, ones & zeros] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 10 [Bit fade test, 2 patterns, 1 CPU] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 13 [Hammer test] 4/4 (100%) 0
Test 13 [Hammer test] Warning
Note: Your RAM may be vulnerable to high frequency row hammer bit flips. However the conditions needed to induce these errors occur only very rarely in normal PC usage, and so this should not be of concern to most users.
Certification
This document certifies that the Tests described above have been carried out by a suitably qualified technician on the System described above.
答案1
BIOS
您的 BIOS 版本是 P2.10，发布日期为 2014 年 7 月 3 日。
有较新的 BIOS 可用，版本 2.50，日期为 2015 年 12 月 22 日，可以下载这里。
更新 BIOS 后，重新运行memtest。
笔记：请确认我是否有适合您型号的正确网页。
笔记：更新 BIOS 之前请做好备份。
记忆
Memtest内存测试失败。下面介绍如何排除哪些 RAM 棒可能有故障。
请注意sudo lshw -C memory这些内存插槽。主板上可能有或可能没有类似的标记。
第一对匹配的...
ChannelA-DIMM0
ChannelB-DIMM0
第二对匹配...
ChannelA-DIMM1
ChannelB-DIMM1
每次添加/移除 RAM 条时重复以下五个步骤...
- 断开计算机的交流电源
- 按住电源开启按钮，直到风扇停止旋转
- 将自己接地
- 移除第二对匹配的内存条
- 重新连接交流电源
然后继续...
- 启动计算机并验证第一对匹配的 RAM 是否按照 位于正确的插槽中
sudo lshw -C memory。如果没有，请移动它们直到它们位于正确的插槽中。 - 重新运行
memtest - 如果
memtest通过 4/4 测试，那么这两个内存条就很好 - 如果
memtest失败，则其中一个或两个 RAM 棒坏了 - 取出这些 RAM 条，并将之前取出的 RAM 条插入第一对匹配的相同插槽中
- 重新运行
memtest - 如果
memtest通过 4/4 测试，那么这两个内存条就很好 - 如果
memtest失败，则其中一个或两个 RAM 棒坏了
更新＃1：
更新 BIOS 解决了内存问题。