我在 Ubuntu 20.04 上从存储库安装了 steam，使用
sudo apt install steam
第一次运行 steam 时，它会下载更新并似乎正确安装它们，控制台输出是（在多行形式“正在下载更新（X of Y）...”之后）
[2020-12-26 08:57:53] Downloading update (280,623 of 280,623 KB)...
[2020-12-26 08:57:53] Download Complete.
[2020-12-26 08:57:53] uninstalled manifest found in /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_ubuntu12 (1).
[2020-12-26 08:57:53] Extracting package...
[2020-12-26 08:58:00] Installing update...
[2020-12-26 08:58:00] Cleaning up...
[2020-12-26 08:58:00] Update complete, launching...
[2020-12-26 08:58:00] Shutdown
Running Steam on ubuntu 20.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically
Pins potentially out-of-date, rebuilding...
Steam client's requirements are satisfied
/home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam -nominidumps -nobreakpad
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Startup - updater built Dec 20 2020 23:07:02
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Failed to load cached hosts file (File 'update_hosts_cached.vdf' not found), using defaults
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Using the following download hosts for Public, Realm steamglobal
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] 1. http://client-download.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 100, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] 2. http://media.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Verifying installation...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Unable to read and verify install manifest /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_ubuntu12.installed
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Verification complete
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Downloading update...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Checking for available updates...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Downloading manifest: http://client-download.steampowered.com/client/steam_client_ubuntu12
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] Download complete.
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] uninstalled manifest found in /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_ubuntu12 (1).
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] Extracting package...
[2020-12-26 08:58:21] Installing update...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Cleaning up...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Update complete, launching Steam...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Shutdown
Running Steam on ubuntu 20.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically
Pins potentially out-of-date, rebuilding...
Steam client's requirements are satisfied
/home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam -nominidumps -nobreakpad
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Startup - updater built Dec 20 2020 23:07:02
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Failed to load cached hosts file (File 'update_hosts_cached.vdf' not found), using defaults
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Using the following download hosts for Public, Realm steamglobal
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] 1. http://client-download.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 100, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] 2. http://media.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Verifying installation...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Unable to read and verify install manifest /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_ubuntu12.installed
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Verification complete
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Downloading update...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Checking for available updates...
[2020-12-26 08:58:14] Downloading manifest: http://client-download.steampowered.com/client/steam_client_ubuntu12
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] Download complete.
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] uninstalled manifest found in /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/package/steam_client_ubuntu12 (1).
[2020-12-26 08:58:15] Extracting package...
[2020-12-26 08:58:21] Installing update...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Cleaning up...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Update complete, launching Steam...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Shutdown
Restarting Steam by request...
Running Steam on ubuntu 20.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME has been set by the user to: /home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime
Pins up-to-date!
Steam client's requirements are satisfied
/home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam -nominidumps -nobreakpad
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Startup - updater built Dec 20 2020 23:07:02
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Failed to load cached hosts file (File 'update_hosts_cached.vdf' not found), using defaults
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Using the following download hosts for Public, Realm steamglobal
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] 1. http://client-download.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 100, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] 2. http://media.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Verifying installation...
[2020-12-26 08:58:24] Verification complete
STEAM_RUNTIME_HEAVY: ./steam-runtime-heavy
然后它就停止了。如果我通过输入以下内容再次执行 steam
steam
进入控制台，我得到输出
Running Steam on ubuntu 20.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically
Pins up-to-date!
Steam client's requirements are satisfied
/home/peter/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam -nominidumps -nobreakpad
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Startup - updater built Dec 20 2020 23:07:02
Looks like steam didn't shutdown cleanly, scheduling immediate update check
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Failed to load cached hosts file (File 'update_hosts_cached.vdf' not found), using defaults
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Using the following download hosts for Public, Realm steamglobal
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] 1. http://client-download.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 100, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] 2. http://media.steampowered.com, /client/, Realm 'steamglobal', weight was 1, source = 'baked in'
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Checking for update on startup
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Checking for available updates...
[2020-12-26 08:58:32] Downloading manifest: http://client-download.steampowered.com/client/steam_client_ubuntu12
[2020-12-26 08:58:33] Download skipped: /client/steam_client_ubuntu12 version 1608507519, installed version 1608507519, downloaded version 0
[2020-12-26 08:58:33] Nothing to do
[2020-12-26 08:58:33] Verifying installation...
[2020-12-26 08:58:33] Performing checksum verification of executable files
[2020-12-26 08:58:33] Verification complete
STEAM_RUNTIME_HEAVY: ./steam-runtime-heavy
然后它又停止了。
在另一篇文章之后，我尝试使用
sudo apt install steam-installer && sudo apt install steam-devices
在清除 steam 并手动删除本地 steam 文件夹后，但输出完全相同。我使用的是 GeForce MX250 和 NVIDIA 驱动程序 450，并且 libnvidia-gl-450:i386 已安装且为最新版本（这似乎是其他人的问题）。
答案1
始终可以安装 Steam 的 flatpak 版本。转到https://flathub.org/home并按照说明设置 flatpak。如果您执行所有步骤，您将能够在软件（gnome-software）中搜索 steam 并安装 Steam。我已经在 Ubuntu、Fedora 和现在的 OpenMandriva 4.2 中使用 flatpak 进行了安装。所有安装都运行正常，没有任何性能下降。