在这里提问之前我已经做了研究；尝试了很多不同的方法，但我已经迷茫了。
我正在运行 20.04（修改版，ESXi 上的 GNS3 VM），有 10 个 NIC。如果我不时更改设置或拓扑，NIC 名称也会更改，因此我需要它们持久化。
我正在运行的主要应用程序需要旧的命名约定，在我的例子中是从 Eth0 到 Eth9。没关系。
以下是应用程序在 /etc/netplan 中使用的文件内容：
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0a:01
dhcp4: no
addresses:
- 192.168.100.3/24
gateway4: 192.168.100.1
nameservers:
addresses: [1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8]
eth1:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0a:04
dhcp4: yes
eth2:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0b:01
dhcp4: yes
eth3:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0b:02
dhcp4: yes
eth4:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0b:03
dhcp4: yes
eth5:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0b:04
dhcp4: yes
eth6:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0c:01
dhcp4: yes
eth7:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0c:02
dhcp4: yes
eth8:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0c:03
dhcp4: yes
eth9:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0c:04
dhcp4: yes
当我运行 netplan apply 时似乎没有问题；但是 sudo netplan --debug generate 的实际输出让我有不同的看法：
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.352: Processing input file /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml..
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.353: Processing input file /etc/netplan/90_gns3vm_static_netcfg.yaml..
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.353: starting new processing pass
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.353: We have some netdefs, pass them through a final round of validation
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth5: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth4: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth3: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth9: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth2: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth8: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth1: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth7: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth0: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: eth6: setting default backend to 1
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.354: Configuration is valid
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.355: Generating output files..
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.355: openvswitch: definition eth0 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.355: NetworkManager: definition eth0 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.355: openvswitch: definition eth1 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.355: NetworkManager: definition eth1 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: openvswitch: definition eth2 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: NetworkManager: definition eth2 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: openvswitch: definition eth3 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: NetworkManager: definition eth3 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: openvswitch: definition eth4 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: NetworkManager: definition eth4 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: openvswitch: definition eth5 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: NetworkManager: definition eth5 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: openvswitch: definition eth6 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.356: NetworkManager: definition eth6 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: openvswitch: definition eth7 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: NetworkManager: definition eth7 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: openvswitch: definition eth8 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: NetworkManager: definition eth8 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: openvswitch: definition eth9 is not for us (backend 1)
** (generate:1473): DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: NetworkManager: definition eth9 is not for us (backend 1)
(generate:1473): GLib-DEBUG: 14:22:26.357: posix_spawn avoided (fd close requested)
(generate:1473): GLib-DEBUG: 14:22:26.365: posix_spawn avoided (fd close requested)
dmesg | grep eth 的输出
[ 4.621720] e1000e 0000:03:00.0 eth0: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0a:01
[ 4.621723] e1000e 0000:03:00.0 eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 4.621865] e1000e 0000:03:00.0 eth0: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 4.733469] e1000e 0000:04:00.0 eth1: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0b:03
[ 4.733472] e1000e 0000:04:00.0 eth1: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 4.733577] e1000e 0000:04:00.0 eth1: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 4.845864] e1000e 0000:05:00.0 eth2: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0c:03
[ 4.845868] e1000e 0000:05:00.0 eth2: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 4.845977] e1000e 0000:05:00.0 eth2: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 4.956955] e1000e 0000:0b:00.0 eth3: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0a:04
[ 4.956959] e1000e 0000:0b:00.0 eth3: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 4.957087] e1000e 0000:0b:00.0 eth3: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.070404] e1000e 0000:0c:00.0 eth4: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0b:04
[ 5.070407] e1000e 0000:0c:00.0 eth4: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.070531] e1000e 0000:0c:00.0 eth4: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.182248] e1000e 0000:0d:00.0 eth5: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0c:04
[ 5.182251] e1000e 0000:0d:00.0 eth5: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.182374] e1000e 0000:0d:00.0 eth5: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.294284] e1000e 0000:13:00.0 eth6: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0b:01
[ 5.294287] e1000e 0000:13:00.0 eth6: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.294410] e1000e 0000:13:00.0 eth6: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.406343] e1000e 0000:14:00.0 eth7: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0c:01
[ 5.406346] e1000e 0000:14:00.0 eth7: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.406471] e1000e 0000:14:00.0 eth7: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.518208] e1000e 0000:1b:00.0 eth8: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0b:02
[ 5.518211] e1000e 0000:1b:00.0 eth8: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.518335] e1000e 0000:1b:00.0 eth8: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 5.631213] e1000e 0000:1c:00.0 eth9: (PCI Express:2.5GT/s:Width x1) 00:50:56:00:0c:02
[ 5.631216] e1000e 0000:1c:00.0 eth9: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[ 5.631408] e1000e 0000:1c:00.0 eth9: MAC: 3, PHY: 8, PBA No: 000000-000
[ 9.627269] e1000e 0000:1c:00.0 eth9: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 9.628754] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth9: link becomes ready
[ 9.729352] e1000e 0000:1b:00.0 eth8: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 9.813525] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth8: link becomes ready
[ 9.817031] e1000e 0000:14:00.0 eth7: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 9.913124] e1000e 0000:13:00.0 eth6: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.001200] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth7: link becomes ready
[ 10.002240] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth6: link becomes ready
[ 10.004976] e1000e 0000:0d:00.0 eth5: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.096982] e1000e 0000:0c:00.0 eth4: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.099025] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth5: link becomes ready
[ 10.100038] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth4: link becomes ready
[ 10.204745] e1000e 0000:0b:00.0 eth3: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.296669] e1000e 0000:05:00.0 eth2: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.416662] e1000e 0000:04:00.0 eth1: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.509219] e1000e 0000:03:00.0 eth0: NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: None
[ 10.511526] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth3: link becomes ready
[ 10.512287] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth2: link becomes ready
[ 10.512964] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready
[ 10.513602] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
ip a 的输出
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0a:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp3s0
altname ens160
inet 192.168.100.3/24 brd 192.168.100.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:a01/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0b:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp4s0
altname ens161
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:b03/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0c:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp5s0
altname ens162
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:c03/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0a:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp11s0
altname ens192
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:a04/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0b:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp12s0
altname ens193
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:b04/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
7: eth5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0c:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp13s0
altname ens194
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:c04/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0b:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp19s0
altname ens224
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:b01/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: eth7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0c:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp20s0
altname ens225
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:c01/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
10: eth8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0b:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp27s0
altname ens256
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:b02/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
11: eth9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:00:0c:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
altname enp28s0
altname ens257
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe00:c02/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
12: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:6f:81:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
13: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:6f:81:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
14: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:02:d0:f1:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
当我开始尝试时，我意识到没有安装网络管理器、cloud-init，也没有安装 /etc/network/interfaces（空）中的任何东西。
任何想法或解决方案都将不胜感激。
答案1
您是否使用类似选项net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0来禁用可预测的网络接口名称？
在你的网络计划配置中，您使用的 ID 并不意味着接口将以与该 ID 匹配的方式命名。从netplan 参考
每个设备类型定义映射（如以太网：）下方的关键名称称为“ID”。
如果有 match: 规则，则 ID 字段是一个纯粹不透明的名称，仅用于引用
set-name使用这样的配置可能会更好
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
nic0:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0a:01
dhcp4: no
addresses:
- 192.168.100.3/24
gateway4: 192.168.100.1
nameservers:
addresses: [1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8]
set-name: eth0
nic1:
match:
macaddress: 00:50:56:00:0a:04
dhcp4: yes
set-name: eth1
...
我不确定配置将如何与您当前的设置交互，因为您的接口似乎已被命名ethX。这就是为什么我想知道您是否禁用了可预测的网络接口命名。