在 ubuntu 21.10 上尝试时，apt full-upgrade我看到了类似的错误
Failed to get properties: Failed to activate service 'org.freedesktop.systemd1': timed out (service_start_timeout=25000ms)
$ systemctl --version
systemd 248 (248.3-1ubuntu8)
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +APPARMOR +IMA +SMACK +SECCOMP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS -OPENSSL +ACL +BLKID +CURL +ELFUTILS -FIDO2 +IDN2 -IDN +IPTC +KMOD +LIBCRYPTSETUP -LIBFDISK +PCRE2 -PWQUALITY -P11KIT -QRENCODE +BZIP2 +LZ4 +XZ +ZLIB +ZSTD -XKBCOMMON +UTMP +SYSVINIT default-hierarchy=unified
这个问题并不总是会发生。但是一旦出现此问题，恢复 systemd 的唯一方法就是进行硬重启。
查看系统日志发现 systemd 已中止。
$ grep --text "21:35:23" /var/log/syslog
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Reloading D-Bus System Message Bus.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex dbus-daemon[1251]: Unknown group "power" in message bus configuration file
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex dbus-daemon[1251]: [system] Reloaded configuration
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex dbus-send[12703]: method return time=1637886923.578624 sender=org.freedesktop.DBus -> destination=:1.124 serial=3 reply_serial=2
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Reloaded D-Bus System Message Bus.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[8278]: app-gnome-bitcoin-8669.scope: Deactivated successfully.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Reloading.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Assertion 'hashmap_isempty(m->jobs)' failed at src/core/manager.c:1335, function manager_clear_jobs_and_units(). Aborting.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Caught <ABRT>, dumped core as pid 12710.
Nov 25 21:35:23 codex systemd[1]: Freezing execution.
busctl输出如下所示
$ busctl
NAME PID PROCESS USER CONNECTION UNIT SESSION DESCRIPTION
:1.1 1237 systemd-timesyn systemd-timesync :1.1 systemd-timesyncd.service - -
:1.100 8331 gdm-x-session leo :1.100 session-3.scope 3 -
:1.101 8476 gnome-session-b leo :1.101 [email protected] - -
:1.102 8495 gnome-shell leo :1.102 [email protected] - -
:1.107 8569 evolution-calen leo :1.107 [email protected] - -
:1.108 8583 evolution-addre leo :1.108 [email protected] - -
:1.11 1909 avahi-daemon avahi :1.11 avahi-daemon.service - -
:1.110 8634 gsd-rfkill leo :1.110 [email protected] - -
:1.111 8637 gsd-sharing leo :1.111 [email protected] - -
:1.112 8642 gsd-usb-protect leo :1.112 [email protected] - -
:1.113 8613 gsd-color leo :1.113 [email protected] - -
:1.114 8680 gsd-disk-utilit leo :1.114 [email protected] - -
:1.116 8625 gsd-keyboard leo :1.116 [email protected] - -
:1.117 8631 gsd-power leo :1.117 [email protected] - -
:1.118 8628 gsd-media-keys leo :1.118 [email protected] - -
:1.119 8633 gsd-print-notif leo :1.119 [email protected] - -
:1.12 1930 power-profiles- root :1.12 power-profiles-daemon.service - -
:1.120 8742 gsd-printer leo :1.120 [email protected] - -
:1.13 2056 switcheroo-cont root :1.13 switcheroo-control.service - -
:1.14 2058 systemd-logind root :1.14 systemd-logind.service - -
:1.15 2041 ModemManager root :1.15 ModemManager.service - -
:1.16 1985 systemd-resolve systemd-resolve :1.16 systemd-resolved.service - -
:1.17 1960 cupsd root :1.17 cups.service - -
:1.181 30657 deja-dup-monito leo :1.181 [email protected] - -
:1.19 2191 colord colord :1.19 colord.service - -
:1.2 1252 NetworkManager root :1.2 NetworkManager.service - -
:1.20 1926 networkd-dispat root :1.20 networkd-dispatcher.service - -
:1.21 2130 unattended-upgr root :1.21 unattended-upgrades.service - -
:1.23 1960 cupsd root :1.23 cups.service - -
:1.234 373268 atom leo :1.234 [email protected] - -
:1.235 390042 busctl leo :1.235 [email protected] - -
:1.24 2345 dbus lp :1.24 cups.service - -
:1.25 2344 dbus lp :1.25 cups.service - -
:1.26 2343 dbus lp :1.26 cups.service - -
:1.27 2342 dbus lp :1.27 cups.service - -
:1.29 2042 firewalld root :1.29 firewalld.service - -
:1.30 2359 bluetoothd root :1.30 bluetooth.service - -
:1.36 6578 kerneloops kernoops :1.36 kerneloops.service - -
:1.37 6555 whoopsie whoopsie :1.37 whoopsie.service - -
:1.38 6604 kerneloops kernoops :1.38 kerneloops.service - -
:1.39 6555 whoopsie whoopsie :1.39 whoopsie.service - -
:1.40 6638 gdm3 root :1.40 gdm.service - -
:1.43 6692 smbd root :1.43 smbd.service - -
:1.48 6749 rtkit-daemon root :1.48 rtkit-daemon.service - -
:1.53 6892 upowerd root :1.53 upower.service - -
:1.54 6517 dockerd root :1.54 docker.service - -
:1.6 1724 wpa_supplicant root :1.6 wpa_supplicant.service - -
:1.63 7946 packagekitd root :1.63 packagekit.service - -
:1.7 1929 polkitd root :1.7 polkit.service - -
:1.77 8221 gdm-session-wor root :1.77 session-3.scope 3 -
:1.8 1957 accounts-daemon root :1.8 accounts-daemon.service - -
:1.80 8278 systemd leo :1.80 [email protected] - -
:1.81 8285 pipewire leo :1.81 [email protected] - -
:1.82 8286 pipewire-media- leo :1.82 [email protected] - -
:1.84 8295 gnome-keyring-d leo :1.84 session-3.scope 3 -
:1.85 8287 pulseaudio leo :1.85 [email protected] - -
:1.89 8327 gvfs-udisks2-vo leo :1.89 [email protected] - -
:1.9 1995 udisksd root :1.9 udisks2.service - -
:1.90 8333 Xorg root :1.90 session-3.scope 3 -
:1.91 8340 goa-daemon leo :1.91 [email protected] - -
:1.92 8316 tracker-miner-f leo :1.92 [email protected] - -
:1.94 6516 cups-browsed root :1.94 cups-browsed.service - -
:1.95 6516 cups-browsed root :1.95 cups-browsed.service - -
com.hp.hplip - - - (activatable) - - -
com.redhat.NewPrinterNotification 8742 gsd-printer leo :1.120 [email protected] - -
com.redhat.PrinterDriversInstaller 8742 gsd-printer leo :1.120 [email protected] - -
com.ubuntu.LanguageSelector - - - (activatable) - - -
com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties - - - (activatable) - - -
com.ubuntu.USBCreator - - - (activatable) - - -
com.ubuntu.WhoopsiePreferences - - - (activatable) - - -
fi.w1.wpa_supplicant1 1724 wpa_supplicant root :1.6 wpa_supplicant.service - -
io.netplan.Netplan - - - (activatable) - - -
net.hadess.PowerProfiles 1930 power-profiles- root :1.12 power-profiles-daemon.service - -
net.hadess.SwitcherooControl 2056 switcheroo-cont root :1.13 switcheroo-control.service - -
net.reactivated.Fprint - - - (activatable) - - -
org.bluez 2359 bluetoothd root :1.30 bluetooth.service - -
org.debian.apt - - - (activatable) - - -
org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1 2042 firewalld root :1.29 firewalld.service - -
org.freedesktop.Accounts 1957 accounts-daemon root :1.8 accounts-daemon.service - -
org.freedesktop.Avahi 1909 avahi-daemon avahi :1.11 avahi-daemon.service - -
org.freedesktop.ColorManager 2191 colord colord :1.19 colord.service - -
org.freedesktop.DBus 1 systemd root - init.scope - -
org.freedesktop.GeoClue2 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.ModemManager1 2041 ModemManager root :1.15 ModemManager.service - -
org.freedesktop.NetworkManager 1252 NetworkManager root :1.2 NetworkManager.service - -
org.freedesktop.PackageKit 7946 packagekitd root :1.63 packagekit.service - -
org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1 1929 polkitd root :1.7 polkit.service - -
org.freedesktop.RealtimeKit1 6749 rtkit-daemon root :1.48 rtkit-daemon.service - -
org.freedesktop.UDisks2 1995 udisksd root :1.9 udisks2.service - -
org.freedesktop.UPower 6892 upowerd root :1.53 upower.service - -
org.freedesktop.bolt - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.fwupd - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.hostname1 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.locale1 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.login1 2058 systemd-logind root :1.14 systemd-logind.service - -
org.freedesktop.network1 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.nm_dispatcher - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.resolve1 1985 systemd-resolve systemd-resolve :1.16 systemd-resolved.service - -
org.freedesktop.systemd1 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.thermald - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.timedate1 - - - (activatable) - - -
org.freedesktop.timesync1 1237 systemd-timesyn systemd-timesync :1.1 systemd-timesyncd.service - -
org.gnome.DisplayManager 6638 gdm3 root :1.40 gdm.service - -
org.opensuse.CupsPkHelper.Mechanism - - - (activatable) - - -
这个问题看起来类似于这systemd但这显然与我应该修复的问题不一样。
我在升级到 Ubuntu 21.10 之前也遇到过这个问题，但它自己就消失了（我想不用我去修复它）。