我正在看一个关于减少管道的视频制作者能够打开图像文件并取回一堆元数据：
我的系统似乎管道较少，我可以使用 查看 PDF 和压缩文件less，但打开图像时我没有取回任何元数据。我只得到如下一行。
我注意到视频ffmpeg底部有说明，而且我确实安装了它。我可以更改某种设置来less显示图像的更多细节吗？
用于检查 less 管道是否安装的命令：
echo $LESSOPEN
用于打开图像的命令：
less image.jpg
答案1
如中所述自述文件源代码代码存储库中lesspipe，它需要identify用于 jpg、png 和 gif 文件的实用程序（来自 ImageMagick）。
jpg, png, gif requires identify
验证该identify实用程序时，我注意到视频作者从其使用中调用了 ouptup和标志-verbose，而你获得的输出（以及我在我的 Debian Buster 系统中）是没有旗帜：
$ identify jpeg-file.jpg
jpeg-file.jpg JPEG 415x415 415x415+0+0 8-bit sRGB 26138B 0.010u 0:00.000
$ identify -verbose jpeg-file.jpg
Image: jpeg-file.jpg
Format: JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group JFIF format)
Mime type: image/jpeg
Class: DirectClass
Geometry: 415x415+0+0
Resolution: 96x96
Print size: 4.32292x4.32292
Units: PixelsPerInch
Colorspace: sRGB
Type: Grayscale
Base type: Undefined
Endianess: Undefined
Depth: 8-bit
Channel depth:
red: 8-bit
green: 8-bit
blue: 8-bit
Channel statistics:
Pixels: 172225
Red:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 153.031 (0.600122)
standard deviation: 122.135 (0.478962)
kurtosis: -1.80175
skewness: -0.416927
entropy: 0.323346
Green:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 153.031 (0.600122)
standard deviation: 122.135 (0.478962)
kurtosis: -1.80175
skewness: -0.416927
entropy: 0.323346
Blue:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 153.031 (0.600122)
standard deviation: 122.135 (0.478962)
kurtosis: -1.80175
skewness: -0.416927
entropy: 0.323346
Image statistics:
Overall:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 153.031 (0.600122)
standard deviation: 122.135 (0.478962)
kurtosis: -1.80174
skewness: -0.41693
entropy: 0.323346
Colors: 256
Histogram:
54858: ( 0, 0, 0) #000000 black
4225: ( 1, 1, 1) #010101 srgb(1,1,1)
2049: ( 2, 2, 2) #020202 srgb(2,2,2)
1111: ( 3, 3, 3) #030303 grey1
432: ( 4, 4, 4) #040404 srgb(4,4,4)
338: ( 5, 5, 5) #050505 grey2
285: ( 6, 6, 6) #060606 srgb(6,6,6)
349: ( 7, 7, 7) #070707 srgb(7,7,7)
272: ( 8, 8, 8) #080808 grey3
132: ( 9, 9, 9) #090909 srgb(9,9,9)
113: ( 10, 10, 10) #0A0A0A grey4
86: ( 11, 11, 11) #0B0B0B srgb(11,11,11)
66: ( 12, 12, 12) #0C0C0C srgb(12,12,12)
168: ( 13, 13, 13) #0D0D0D grey5
31: ( 14, 14, 14) #0E0E0E srgb(14,14,14)
45: ( 15, 15, 15) #0F0F0F grey6
49: ( 16, 16, 16) #101010 srgb(16,16,16)
89: ( 17, 17, 17) #111111 srgb(17,17,17)
28: ( 18, 18, 18) #121212 grey7
27: ( 19, 19, 19) #131313 srgb(19,19,19)
290: ( 20, 20, 20) #141414 grey8
21: ( 21, 21, 21) #151515 srgb(21,21,21)
24: ( 22, 22, 22) #161616 srgb(22,22,22)
20: ( 23, 23, 23) #171717 grey9
20: ( 24, 24, 24) #181818 srgb(24,24,24)
109: ( 25, 25, 25) #191919 srgb(25,25,25)
20: ( 26, 26, 26) #1A1A1A grey10
22: ( 27, 27, 27) #1B1B1B srgb(27,27,27)
36: ( 28, 28, 28) #1C1C1C grey11
28: ( 29, 29, 29) #1D1D1D srgb(29,29,29)
90: ( 30, 30, 30) #1E1E1E srgb(30,30,30)
29: ( 31, 31, 31) #1F1F1F grey12
27: ( 32, 32, 32) #202020 srgb(32,32,32)
20: ( 33, 33, 33) #212121 grey13
15: ( 34, 34, 34) #222222 srgb(34,34,34)
17: ( 35, 35, 35) #232323 srgb(35,35,35)
12: ( 36, 36, 36) #242424 grey14
227: ( 37, 37, 37) #252525 srgb(37,37,37)
84: ( 38, 38, 38) #262626 grey15
18: ( 39, 39, 39) #272727 srgb(39,39,39)
19: ( 40, 40, 40) #282828 srgb(40,40,40)
14: ( 41, 41, 41) #292929 grey16
154: ( 42, 42, 42) #2A2A2A srgb(42,42,42)
40: ( 43, 43, 43) #2B2B2B grey17
14: ( 44, 44, 44) #2C2C2C srgb(44,44,44)
29: ( 45, 45, 45) #2D2D2D srgb(45,45,45)
10: ( 46, 46, 46) #2E2E2E grey18
9: ( 47, 47, 47) #2F2F2F srgb(47,47,47)
14: ( 48, 48, 48) #303030 grey19
350: ( 49, 49, 49) #313131 srgb(49,49,49)
217: ( 50, 50, 50) #323232 srgb(50,50,50)
12: ( 51, 51, 51) #333333 grey20
11: ( 52, 52, 52) #343434 srgb(52,52,52)
346: ( 53, 53, 53) #353535 srgb(53,53,53)
16: ( 54, 54, 54) #363636 grey21
9: ( 55, 55, 55) #373737 srgb(55,55,55)
11: ( 56, 56, 56) #383838 grey22
12: ( 57, 57, 57) #393939 srgb(57,57,57)
7: ( 58, 58, 58) #3A3A3A srgb(58,58,58)
10: ( 59, 59, 59) #3B3B3B grey23
9: ( 60, 60, 60) #3C3C3C srgb(60,60,60)
5: ( 61, 61, 61) #3D3D3D grey24
11: ( 62, 62, 62) #3E3E3E srgb(62,62,62)
12: ( 63, 63, 63) #3F3F3F srgb(63,63,63)
11: ( 64, 64, 64) #404040 grey25
16: ( 65, 65, 65) #414141 srgb(65,65,65)
8: ( 66, 66, 66) #424242 grey26
19: ( 67, 67, 67) #434343 srgb(67,67,67)
13: ( 68, 68, 68) #444444 srgb(68,68,68)
118: ( 69, 69, 69) #454545 grey27
11: ( 70, 70, 70) #464646 srgb(70,70,70)
21: ( 71, 71, 71) #474747 grey28
119: ( 72, 72, 72) #484848 srgb(72,72,72)
16: ( 73, 73, 73) #494949 srgb(73,73,73)
11: ( 74, 74, 74) #4A4A4A grey29
11: ( 75, 75, 75) #4B4B4B srgb(75,75,75)
14: ( 76, 76, 76) #4C4C4C srgb(76,76,76)
10: ( 77, 77, 77) #4D4D4D grey30
12: ( 78, 78, 78) #4E4E4E srgb(78,78,78)
15: ( 79, 79, 79) #4F4F4F grey31
10: ( 80, 80, 80) #505050 srgb(80,80,80)
8: ( 81, 81, 81) #515151 srgb(81,81,81)
7: ( 82, 82, 82) #525252 grey32
7: ( 83, 83, 83) #535353 srgb(83,83,83)
12: ( 84, 84, 84) #545454 grey33
15: ( 85, 85, 85) #555555 srgb(85,85,85)
8: ( 86, 86, 86) #565656 srgb(86,86,86)
7: ( 87, 87, 87) #575757 grey34
11: ( 88, 88, 88) #585858 srgb(88,88,88)
9: ( 89, 89, 89) #595959 grey35
7: ( 90, 90, 90) #5A5A5A srgb(90,90,90)
6: ( 91, 91, 91) #5B5B5B srgb(91,91,91)
11: ( 92, 92, 92) #5C5C5C grey36
8: ( 93, 93, 93) #5D5D5D srgb(93,93,93)
20: ( 94, 94, 94) #5E5E5E grey37
7: ( 95, 95, 95) #5F5F5F srgb(95,95,95)
19: ( 96, 96, 96) #606060 srgb(96,96,96)
13: ( 97, 97, 97) #616161 grey38
81: ( 98, 98, 98) #626262 srgb(98,98,98)
10: ( 99, 99, 99) #636363 grey39
9: (100,100,100) #646464 srgb(100,100,100)
6: (101,101,101) #656565 srgb(101,101,101)
6: (102,102,102) #666666 grey40
3: (103,103,103) #676767 srgb(103,103,103)
51: (104,104,104) #686868 srgb(104,104,104)
7: (105,105,105) #696969 DimGray
10: (106,106,106) #6A6A6A srgb(106,106,106)
10: (107,107,107) #6B6B6B grey42
5: (108,108,108) #6C6C6C srgb(108,108,108)
11: (109,109,109) #6D6D6D srgb(109,109,109)
7: (110,110,110) #6E6E6E grey43
7: (111,111,111) #6F6F6F srgb(111,111,111)
16: (112,112,112) #707070 grey44
51: (113,113,113) #717171 srgb(113,113,113)
14: (114,114,114) #727272 srgb(114,114,114)
4: (115,115,115) #737373 grey45
10: (116,116,116) #747474 srgb(116,116,116)
8: (117,117,117) #757575 grey46
10: (118,118,118) #767676 srgb(118,118,118)
35: (119,119,119) #777777 srgb(119,119,119)
10: (120,120,120) #787878 grey47
9: (121,121,121) #797979 srgb(121,121,121)
10: (122,122,122) #7A7A7A grey48
9: (123,123,123) #7B7B7B srgb(123,123,123)
10: (124,124,124) #7C7C7C srgb(124,124,124)
8: (125,125,125) #7D7D7D grey49
8: (126,126,126) #7E7E7E gray
176: (127,127,127) #7F7F7F grey50
12: (128,128,128) #808080 fractal
9: (129,129,129) #818181 srgb(129,129,129)
10: (130,130,130) #828282 grey51
13: (131,131,131) #838383 srgb(131,131,131)
9: (132,132,132) #848484 srgb(132,132,132)
16: (133,133,133) #858585 grey52
73: (134,134,134) #868686 srgb(134,134,134)
191: (135,135,135) #878787 grey53
15: (136,136,136) #888888 srgb(136,136,136)
12: (137,137,137) #898989 srgb(137,137,137)
16: (138,138,138) #8A8A8A grey54
17: (139,139,139) #8B8B8B srgb(139,139,139)
22: (140,140,140) #8C8C8C grey55
8: (141,141,141) #8D8D8D srgb(141,141,141)
49: (142,142,142) #8E8E8E srgb(142,142,142)
21: (143,143,143) #8F8F8F grey56
10: (144,144,144) #909090 srgb(144,144,144)
7: (145,145,145) #919191 grey57
3: (146,146,146) #929292 srgb(146,146,146)
16: (147,147,147) #939393 srgb(147,147,147)
36: (148,148,148) #949494 grey58
15: (149,149,149) #959595 srgb(149,149,149)
6: (150,150,150) #969696 grey59
12: (151,151,151) #979797 srgb(151,151,151)
12: (152,152,152) #989898 srgb(152,152,152)
7: (153,153,153) #999999 grey60
6: (154,154,154) #9A9A9A srgb(154,154,154)
6: (155,155,155) #9B9B9B srgb(155,155,155)
9: (156,156,156) #9C9C9C grey61
150: (157,157,157) #9D9D9D srgb(157,157,157)
11: (158,158,158) #9E9E9E grey62
4: (159,159,159) #9F9F9F srgb(159,159,159)
7: (160,160,160) #A0A0A0 srgb(160,160,160)
7: (161,161,161) #A1A1A1 grey63
4: (162,162,162) #A2A2A2 srgb(162,162,162)
12: (163,163,163) #A3A3A3 grey64
10: (164,164,164) #A4A4A4 srgb(164,164,164)
9: (165,165,165) #A5A5A5 srgb(165,165,165)
7: (166,166,166) #A6A6A6 grey65
11: (167,167,167) #A7A7A7 srgb(167,167,167)
25: (168,168,168) #A8A8A8 grey66
14: (169,169,169) #A9A9A9 DarkGray
17: (170,170,170) #AAAAAA srgb(170,170,170)
10: (171,171,171) #ABABAB grey67
44: (172,172,172) #ACACAC srgb(172,172,172)
12: (173,173,173) #ADADAD grey68
8: (174,174,174) #AEAEAE srgb(174,174,174)
9: (175,175,175) #AFAFAF srgb(175,175,175)
9: (176,176,176) #B0B0B0 grey69
8: (177,177,177) #B1B1B1 srgb(177,177,177)
9: (178,178,178) #B2B2B2 srgb(178,178,178)
14: (179,179,179) #B3B3B3 grey70
15: (180,180,180) #B4B4B4 srgb(180,180,180)
15: (181,181,181) #B5B5B5 grey71
9: (182,182,182) #B6B6B6 srgb(182,182,182)
10: (183,183,183) #B7B7B7 srgb(183,183,183)
14: (184,184,184) #B8B8B8 grey72
11: (185,185,185) #B9B9B9 srgb(185,185,185)
19: (186,186,186) #BABABA grey73
56: (187,187,187) #BBBBBB srgb(187,187,187)
366: (188,188,188) #BCBCBC srgb(188,188,188)
155: (189,189,189) #BDBDBD grey74
18: (190,190,190) #BEBEBE grey
29: (191,191,191) #BFBFBF grey75
123: (192,192,192) #C0C0C0 silver
18: (193,193,193) #C1C1C1 srgb(193,193,193)
148: (194,194,194) #C2C2C2 grey76
19: (195,195,195) #C3C3C3 srgb(195,195,195)
10: (196,196,196) #C4C4C4 grey77
7: (197,197,197) #C5C5C5 srgb(197,197,197)
16: (198,198,198) #C6C6C6 srgb(198,198,198)
11: (199,199,199) #C7C7C7 grey78
17: (200,200,200) #C8C8C8 srgb(200,200,200)
14: (201,201,201) #C9C9C9 grey79
35: (202,202,202) #CACACA srgb(202,202,202)
9: (203,203,203) #CBCBCB srgb(203,203,203)
12: (204,204,204) #CCCCCC grey80
153: (205,205,205) #CDCDCD srgb(205,205,205)
10: (206,206,206) #CECECE srgb(206,206,206)
107: (207,207,207) #CFCFCF grey81
9: (208,208,208) #D0D0D0 srgb(208,208,208)
16: (209,209,209) #D1D1D1 grey82
17: (210,210,210) #D2D2D2 srgb(210,210,210)
22: (211,211,211) #D3D3D3 LightGray
17: (212,212,212) #D4D4D4 grey83
334: (213,213,213) #D5D5D5 srgb(213,213,213)
12: (214,214,214) #D6D6D6 grey84
11: (215,215,215) #D7D7D7 srgb(215,215,215)
13: (216,216,216) #D8D8D8 srgb(216,216,216)
63: (217,217,217) #D9D9D9 grey85
23: (218,218,218) #DADADA srgb(218,218,218)
17: (219,219,219) #DBDBDB grey86
19: (220,220,220) #DCDCDC gainsboro
13: (221,221,221) #DDDDDD srgb(221,221,221)
14: (222,222,222) #DEDEDE grey87
30: (223,223,223) #DFDFDF srgb(223,223,223)
120: (224,224,224) #E0E0E0 grey88
23: (225,225,225) #E1E1E1 srgb(225,225,225)
20: (226,226,226) #E2E2E2 srgb(226,226,226)
16: (227,227,227) #E3E3E3 grey89
23: (228,228,228) #E4E4E4 srgb(228,228,228)
18: (229,229,229) #E5E5E5 grey90
17: (230,230,230) #E6E6E6 srgb(230,230,230)
16: (231,231,231) #E7E7E7 srgb(231,231,231)
130: (232,232,232) #E8E8E8 grey91
19: (233,233,233) #E9E9E9 srgb(233,233,233)
28: (234,234,234) #EAEAEA srgb(234,234,234)
33: (235,235,235) #EBEBEB grey92
230: (236,236,236) #ECECEC srgb(236,236,236)
252: (237,237,237) #EDEDED grey93
37: (238,238,238) #EEEEEE srgb(238,238,238)
53: (239,239,239) #EFEFEF srgb(239,239,239)
35: (240,240,240) #F0F0F0 grey94
58: (241,241,241) #F1F1F1 srgb(241,241,241)
48: (242,242,242) #F2F2F2 grey95
80: (243,243,243) #F3F3F3 srgb(243,243,243)
101: (244,244,244) #F4F4F4 srgb(244,244,244)
124: (245,245,245) #F5F5F5 grey96
226: (246,246,246) #F6F6F6 srgb(246,246,246)
170: (247,247,247) #F7F7F7 grey97
380: (248,248,248) #F8F8F8 srgb(248,248,248)
307: (249,249,249) #F9F9F9 srgb(249,249,249)
406: (250,250,250) #FAFAFA grey98
1012: (251,251,251) #FBFBFB srgb(251,251,251)
1658: (252,252,252) #FCFCFC grey99
4279: (253,253,253) #FDFDFD srgb(253,253,253)
76560: (254,254,254) #FEFEFE srgb(254,254,254)
14197: (255,255,255) #FFFFFF white
Rendering intent: Perceptual
Gamma: 0.454545
Chromaticity:
red primary: (0.64,0.33)
green primary: (0.3,0.6)
blue primary: (0.15,0.06)
white point: (0.3127,0.329)
Background color: white
Border color: srgb(223,223,223)
Matte color: grey74
Transparent color: black
Interlace: None
Intensity: Undefined
Compose: Over
Page geometry: 415x415+0+0
Dispose: Undefined
Iterations: 0
Compression: JPEG
Quality: 79
Orientation: Undefined
Properties:
date:create: 2019-12-21T23:19:03+00:00
date:modify: 2019-12-21T23:18:51+00:00
exif:Artist: Avinash singh
exif:DateTimeDigitized: 2019:09:30 15:17:42
exif:DateTimeOriginal: 2019:09:30 15:17:42
exif:ExifOffset: 2136
exif:SubSecTimeDigitized: 32
exif:SubSecTimeOriginal: 32
exif:WinXP-Author: 65, 0, 118, 0, 105, 0, 110, 0, 97, 0, 115, 0, 104, 0, 32, 0, 115, 0, 105, 0, 110, 0, 103, 0, 104, 0, 0, 0
jpeg:colorspace: 2
jpeg:sampling-factor: 2x2,1x1,1x1
signature: 2b91d43d3440873eaeebf2291d7e1f1f86a169af6cfe5c876ca51c52d7e07e5a
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xmp:CreateDate: 2019-09-30T15:17:42.315
Profiles:
Profile-exif: 4338 bytes
Profile-xmp: 2817 bytes
Artifacts:
filename: jpeg-file.jpg
verbose: true
Tainted: False
Filesize: 26138B
Number pixels: 172225
User time: 0.010u
Elapsed time: 0:01.000
Version: ImageMagick 6.9.10-23 Q16 x86_64 20190101 https://imagemagick.org
检查脚本的代码（在我的系统中位于/bin/lesspipe），在第 133identify行调用实用程序没有详细标志。
总之，最有可能的情况是，您系统中的 lesspipe 脚本来自于调用 recognize 的版本没有详细标志。
的版本lesspipe.sh正在使用该标志调用lesspipe源代码代码存储库命令中的文件。identify