我的硬盘总是以只读模式重新安装。磁盘是 Debian squeeze (armv5tel) 上的 1.5TB 外置 USB2。
之前出现过类似的错误，因此用全表面扫描（mkfs.ext4 -cc）重新格式化，一切顺利。
输出dmesg：
[494984.513516] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code
[494984.518422] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[494984.525707] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 1d 2d 4c b0 00 00 f0 00
[494984.532907] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 489508016
[494984.538768] __ratelimit: 20 callbacks suppressed
[494984.543504] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188246
[494984.549884] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.554975] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188247
[494984.561359] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.566447] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188248
[494984.572835] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.577914] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188249
[494984.584302] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.589381] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188250
[494984.595768] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.600847] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188251
[494984.607235] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.612314] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188252
[494984.618702] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.623788] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188253
[494984.630169] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.635256] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188254
[494984.641636] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494984.646723] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188255
[494984.653111] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494987.223018] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494989.012890] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494990.552897] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494992.002891] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494993.362767] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494995.182769] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494995.293262] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code
[494995.298165] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[494995.305457] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 1d 2d 4d a0 00 00 f0 00
[494995.312659] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 489508256
[494995.318519] __ratelimit: 20 callbacks suppressed
[494995.323255] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188276
[494995.329635] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.334726] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188277
[494995.341110] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.346199] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188278
[494995.352596] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.357674] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188279
[494995.364062] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.369140] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188280
[494995.375528] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.380607] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188281
[494995.386995] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.392074] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188282
[494995.398461] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.403549] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188283
[494995.409928] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.415016] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188284
[494995.421395] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494995.426483] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188285
[494995.432871] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[494997.462642] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[494999.012647] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495000.532642] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495002.282639] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495004.042485] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495005.512516] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495005.623011] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code
[495005.627911] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[495005.635205] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 1d 2d 4e 90 00 00 f0 00
[495005.642406] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 489508496
[495005.648266] __ratelimit: 20 callbacks suppressed
[495005.653001] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188306
[495005.659382] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.664475] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188307
[495005.670858] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.675946] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188308
[495005.682342] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.687420] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188309
[495005.693808] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.698887] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188310
[495005.705275] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.710354] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188311
[495005.716742] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.721820] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188312
[495005.728208] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.733296] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188313
[495005.739675] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.744763] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188314
[495005.751142] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495005.756230] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61188315
[495005.762618] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495008.292391] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495009.582391] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495011.292265] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495011.992245] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495012.692264] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495013.372263] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495013.482765] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled error code
[495013.487666] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK
[495013.494958] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 1d 2c e7 e0 00 00 f0 00
[495013.502160] end_request: I/O error, dev sdb, sector 489482208
[495013.508021] __ratelimit: 20 callbacks suppressed
[495013.512755] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185020
[495013.519137] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.524227] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185021
[495013.530611] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.535700] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185022
[495013.542088] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.547167] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185023
[495013.553554] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.558634] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185024
[495013.565021] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.570099] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185025
[495013.576487] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.581567] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185026
[495013.587955] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.593042] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185027
[495013.599421] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.604509] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185028
[495013.610888] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495013.615976] Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 61185029
[495013.622363] lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1
[495040.901517] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495071.540643] usb 1-1.2: reset high speed USB device using orion-ehci and address 35
[495079.416152] JBD2: Detected IO errors while flushing file data on sdb1-8
[495079.430261] Aborting journal on device sdb1-8.
[495079.441567] EXT4-fs (sdb1): delayed block allocation failed for inode 28579023 at logical offset 466156 with max blocks 2048 with error -30
[495079.454361] This should not happen!! Data will be lost
[495079.460555] EXT4-fs error (device sdb1) in ext4_da_writepages: IO failure
[495079.471089] EXT4-fs error (device sdb1) in ext4_da_writepages: Journal has aborted
[495079.480699] EXT4-fs error (device sdb1): ext4_journal_start_sb: Detected aborted journal
[495079.488935] EXT4-fs (sdb1): Remounting filesystem read-only
[495079.494657] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_da_writepages: jbd2_start: 11 pages, ino 28579023; err -30
[495079.518788] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_da_writepages: jbd2_start: 2147481583 pages, ino 28579023; err -30
[495079.685465] rpc-srv/tcp: nfsd: got error -104 when sending 124 bytes - shutting down socket
[495079.694028] rpc-srv/tcp: nfsd: got error -32 when sending 124 bytes - shutting down socket
[495079.702653] rpc-srv/tcp: nfsd: got error -32 when sending 124 bytes - shutting down socket
[495079.711519] rpc-srv/tcp: nfsd: got error -32 when sending 124 bytes - shutting down socket
[495079.719943] nfsd: peername failed (err 107)!
[495079.725745] nfsd: peername failed (err 107)!
[495079.730564] nfsd: peername failed (err 107)!
[495079.735064] nfsd: peername failed (err 107)!
[508407.944942] nfsd: last server has exited, flushing export cache
答案1
这些错误可能是由于磁盘故障，也可能只是用于抽象到 USB 的主板导致的。
如果这些错误频繁发生，您可能需要通过将磁盘从其外壳中移除、将硬盘驱动器从抽象到 USB 的电路板上断开连接以及直接使用 SATA 连接来限制问题的范围。这样，您可以从磁盘中获取 SMART 信息，并且如果您需要快速对磁盘进行映像（例如，由于即将发生故障），则可以使用比 USB 更快的接口。如果在直接通过 SATA 连接磁盘时没有出现这些问题，那么可能只是您的外壳使用的电路板需要更换。