前段时间，我的主硬盘开始变得非常慢。SMART 测试失败或出现错误，所以我又买了一个。
现在，我的坏掉的硬盘还没有完全坏掉；有时它可以工作，有时它没有响应。我对硬盘了解不多，例如，我听说过一些关于修复/排除坏块的方法。
我不是要任何人猜测驱动器是否可以恢复正常运行。相反，我是在问我是否可以做些事情来尝试一下。
以下是 smartctl 的输出，显示 SMART 状态：
$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.4.0-24-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 7200.5
Device Model: ST9750420AS
Serial Number: 5WS39PH3
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 044d9c362
Firmware Version: 0002SDM1
User Capacity: 750.156.374.016 bytes [750 GB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Fri Jun 17 16:19:31 2016 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 145) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 3) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 086 085 006 Pre-fail Always - 58105720
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 097 097 085 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 095 095 020 Old_age Always - 5396
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 094 094 036 Pre-fail Always - 1104
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 078 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 78302452
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 4792
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 020 Old_age Always - 2698
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 1976
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 8590065666
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 054 050 045 Old_age Always - 46 (Min/Max 26/47)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 11
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 200
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 074 074 000 Old_age Always - 53623
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 046 050 000 Old_age Always - 46 (0 13 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 113 099 000 Old_age Always - 58105720
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 16
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 16
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 4665 (96 200 0)
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 62268680
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 2787857734
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 39 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 39 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4787 hours (199 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 90 79 aa 0c Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0caa7990 = 212498832
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 00 63 aa 4c 00 22:54:27.080 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 80 62 aa 4c 00 22:54:26.636 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 46 aa 4c 00 22:54:11.157 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 80 38 aa 4c 00 22:53:58.978 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 38 aa 4c 00 22:53:58.608 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 38 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4787 hours (199 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 20 fc a9 0c Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0ca9fc20 = 212466720
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 80 d1 a9 4c 00 22:52:58.524 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 d1 a9 4c 00 22:52:58.087 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 80 c4 a9 4c 00 22:52:55.032 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 b3 a9 4c 00 22:52:44.893 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 80 ae a9 4c 00 22:52:39.635 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 37 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4787 hours (199 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 08 4b ee 08 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x08ee4b08 = 149834504
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 c0 32 ee 48 00 22:47:57.728 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 40 32 ee 48 00 22:47:57.309 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 40 de ed 48 00 22:47:35.757 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 40 c0 ed 48 00 22:47:22.729 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 c0 bc ed 48 00 22:47:18.609 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 36 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4787 hours (199 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 f0 05 04 0c Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0c0405f0 = 201590256
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 f8 f7 03 4c 00 22:26:02.664 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 78 ea 03 4c 00 22:25:52.850 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 f8 e9 03 4c 00 22:25:52.513 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 f8 e0 03 4c 00 22:25:44.348 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 f8 c8 03 4c 00 22:25:31.550 READ FPDMA QUEUED
Error 35 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 4787 hours (199 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was doing SMART Offline or Self-test.
After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 10 a8 a1 0c Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0ca1a810 = 211920912
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
60 00 80 80 a3 a1 4c 00 22:02:41.297 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 a3 a1 4c 00 22:02:40.680 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 94 a1 4c 00 22:02:33.976 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 80 78 a1 4c 00 22:02:14.948 READ FPDMA QUEUED
60 00 80 00 78 a1 4c 00 22:02:14.710 READ FPDMA QUEUED
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 4792 203277224
# 2 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 4792 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 4792 -
# 4 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 4789 185089992
# 5 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 4773 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 4765 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.