我的硬盘出现了一个奇怪的问题。
首先我必须在“initramfs”中使用 fsck。
我以为这只是强制关机。
几天后，同样的事情又发生了。
因此我使用 Fsck 并启动到 Debian。
然后文件系统变成只读，所以我重新启动并在 initramfs 中再次运行 fsck。
现在，每次我启动系统时都会进入只读模式。
我跑了fsck -f，但没有检测到任何东西。
我只有一个 PXE 启动服务器，用来安装 Debian 并使用“救援模式”进行修复。
如果我无法smartctl在 Debian 系统和“Debian 安装程序救援模式”中安装，我该如何检查智能状态？
我怎样才能解决这个问题。
编辑1：
这是的输出smartctl -a。
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [i686-linux-5.10.25-1.0-lts] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Blue
Device Model: WDC WD5000AAKX-75U6AA0
Serial Number: WD-WMC2E0785487
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 003642a90
Firmware Version: 19.01H19
User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Thu May 6 19:56:58 2021 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 8460) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 86) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3037) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 4
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 153 141 021 Pre-fail Always - 3325
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3053
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 6475
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 098 098 000 Old_age Always - 2844
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 199 199 000 Old_age Always - 965
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 2098
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 106 092 000 Old_age Always - 37
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0032 092 092 000 Old_age Always - 6093
241 Total_LBAs_Written 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 17960947086
242 Total_LBAs_Read 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 39242396778
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 6474 -
# 2 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 6473 -
# 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 6473 -
# 4 Short offline Aborted by host 90% 6473 -
# 5 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 6473 -
# 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 6471 -
# 7 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 6471 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5834 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5731 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5731 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5722 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5676 -
#13 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 5631 -
#14 Extended offline Aborted by host 90% 5614 -
#15 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5611 -
#16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5596 -
#17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5595 -
#18 Short offline Interrupted (host reset) 80% 5588 -
#19 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5530 -
#20 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5524 -
#21 Short offline Completed without error 00% 5480 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
答案1
听起来好像您的驱动器出现故障。安装救援环境（例如系统救援光盘）进入 PXE 启动服务器并启动它以使用smartctl
然后，您可以按通常的方式获得smartctl -a /dev/sdX适当的值X。
磁盘现在看起来没问题，所以下一步要检查的是内存。看看你是否可以启动该memtest86+工具并检查系统的 RAM