要安装 Chromium 浏览器，我输入：
sudo apt install chromium-browser
但后来我得到了几个错误。之后发生的情况如下：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
chromium-browser : Depends: libnss3 (>= 2:3.22) but 2:3.21-1ubuntu4 is to be installed
Depends: chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra (= 86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but 76.0.3809.100-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 is to be installed or
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg (= 86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: chromium-browser-l10n but it is not going to be installed
google-chrome-stable:amd64 : Depends: libasound2:amd64 (>= 1.0.16)
Depends: libatk-bridge2.0-0:amd64 (>= 2.5.3) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libatk1.0-0:amd64 (>= 2.2.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libatspi2.0-0:amd64 (>= 2.9.90) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libcairo2:amd64 (>= 1.6.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libcups2:amd64 (>= 1.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libdrm2:amd64 (>= 2.4.38) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libexpat1:amd64 (>= 2.0.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgbm1:amd64 (>= 8.1~0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0:amd64 (>= 2.22.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgtk-3-0:amd64 (>= 3.9.10) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnspr4:amd64 (>= 2:4.9-2~) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libnss3:amd64 (>= 2:3.22) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpango-1.0-0:amd64 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libpangocairo-1.0-0:amd64 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libx11-6:amd64 (>= 2:1.4.99.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libx11-xcb1:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxcb-dri3-0:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxcb1:amd64 (>= 1.9.2) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxcomposite1:amd64 (>= 1:0.3-1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxdamage1:amd64 (>= 1:1.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxext6:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxfixes3:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libxrandr2:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: libu2f-udev:amd64 but it is not installable
Recommends: libvulkan1:amd64 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
请帮忙。
答案1
这不是 Chromium 的具体答案，而是此类问题的一般答案。
当源代码或套件开始与 apt 混合时，就会出现此问题。假设您尝试安装chromium-browser。 Ubuntubionic套件发布版本86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.18.04.1。
当您尝试安装时chromium-browser，您会看到如下所示的一行：
Depends:
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra (= 86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1)
but 76.0.3809.100-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 is to be installed
or
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg (= 86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1)
but it is not going to be installed
答对了！
这意味着您的/etc/apt/sources.list或/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*包含提供不同版本的 chromium 的源。
当查看官方 ubuntu 存储库我找到了这些版本：
- 仿生：86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
- xenial-更新：86.0.4240.75-0ubuntu0.16.04.1
- 谢尼尔：49.0.2623.108-0ubuntu1.1233
由于您的版本介于 xenial 和 xenial-updates 之间，因此您似乎在非官方存储库中找到了该软件包。这可能是由于添加 PPA 或其他发行版的源引起的问题。
这是我对发生的事情的猜测：
- 您有一个更新的 apt 发布文件，其中包含官方 ubuntu 档案中的所有最新软件包，但其中还有一个未维护且与官方档案不同步的 PPA。
- 当您使用时
apt install chromium-browser，apt在套件中找到了首选版本bionic。 - Apt 尝试安装该
chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra or chromium-codecs-ffmpeg软件包。它发现的最高优先级命中来自这个未维护的 PPA。通常会选择找到的最高版本，但在这种情况下，此 PPA 优先。这可能是因为固定，或者您可能xenial为该 PPA 选择了源并且xenial优先级高于bionic您的计算机。 - 当
apt在您的优先源中找到此版本时，它失败了，因为该版本无法满足依赖关系要求。
看不要制作 FrankenDebian为什么添加不兼容的源是一个坏主意。
解决方案是清理您的/etc/apt/sources.list和/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*。
- 如果您正在使用，
bionic请删除与其他版本相关的所有行（除了bionic-security和bionic-updates）。 - 如果您正在使用 PPA，请确保您确实需要该 PPA 中的某些内容。否则删除 PPA。如果 PPA 只是有较新版本的软件：不要患上闪亮新事物综合症。 PPA 不是受信任的来源，并且可以包含任何内容。它们也可能随时变得无法维护。获取官方版本中的最新版本。
答案2
运行命令添加 PPA：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xalt7x/chromium-deb-vaapi
运行命令“固定”PPA，以避免在 Ubuntu 20.04 中安装 snap 包：
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-xalt7x-chromium-deb-vaapi
Package: *
Pin: release o=LP-PPA-xalt7x-chromium-deb-vaapi
Pin-Priority: 1337
EOF
之后您可以通过以下方式安装浏览器：
sudo apt update
sudo apt install chromium-browser chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra
PS - 从源列表中删除
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:xalt7x/chromium-deb-vaapi