我正在尝试编写一个循环,按照操作出现的顺序(而不是通常的数学优先顺序)计算操作,代码如下所示(echo 用于调试):
while [[ "$(echo "$newstring"| grep -E ^-?[0-9]+$)" = "" ]]; do
oldpart="$(echo "$newstring"|cut -f1-3 -d' ')"
echo "bla $oldpart"
newpart="$(echo "$oldpart"|bc)"
echo "ble $newpart"
newstring="$(echo "$newstring"|sed -e "s/$oldpart/$newpart/")"
echo "bli $newstring"
done
当 $newstring 作为“6 + 6 * 9”传递时,输出如下:
6 + 6 * 9
bla 6 + 6
ble 12
bli 12 * 9
bla 12 * 9
ble 108
bli 12 * 9
bla 12 * 9
ble 108
我们可以看到,6 + 6 按预期计算为 12,然后替换到字符串中。然后该操作重新启动 12 * 9, 108 - 无法替换为字符串......而 while 永远不会结束
我怀疑 sed 解释 * 这可能会阻止所需的替换。
知道如何绕过这种行为吗?
答案1
bash
无需外部命令即可使用的解决方案
#!/bin/bash
newstring='6 + 6 * 9'
read -a atoms <<<"$newstring"
run=${atoms[0]} # Initialise running total to the first value
for ((i=1; i<=${#atoms[@]}; i+=2))
do
op=${atoms[$i]} # Next operator
num=${atoms[$((i+1))]} # Next number
run=$((run $op num)) # Perform the arithmetic (integer maths)
done
echo "$run"
如果您想使用浮点运算,则需要使用bc
或dc
。此变体使用dc
, 作为在评论中建议
#!/bin/bash
newstring='6.5 + 6 * 9'
{
read -a atoms <<<"$newstring"
run=${atoms[0]}
printf "%s " "$run"
for ((i=1; i<=${#atoms[@]}; i+=2))
do
op=${atoms[$i]} num=${atoms[$((i+1))]}
printf " %s %s" "$num" "$op"
done
printf " p\n"
} | dc