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在 docker run 上创建 postgresql 表

tag-icon • tag-icon docker postgresql
在 docker run 上创建 postgresql 表

我想创建一个在运行该容器时运行 PostgreSQL 数据库的 Dockerfile。

所以我所做的是制作一个 Dockerfile：

FROM postgres:latest

COPY *.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/

Dockerfile 将初始化脚本“postgres.sh”复制到 /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/。 postgres.sh 脚本包含以下内容：

#!/bin/sh

su postgres -c "psql << EOF
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '123';
create database shippingchallenge;
\c shippingchallenge;
create table people(firstname CHAR(20), surname CHAR(30));
insert into people values ('Pieter', 'Pauwels');
EOF"

所以我想做的是创建一个数据库“shippingchallenge”，其中包含一个表“people”，其中有两个值：“firstname”和“surname”。如果我使用sudo docker exec -it <container> /bin/bash并粘贴它，效果很好。

但是当我使用上述方法并运行由此创建的图像时，sudo docker run -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=123 <image>出现以下错误：

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
 
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.utf8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF18".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english". 

Data page checksums are disabled. 

fixing permissions on existing directory /var/lib/postgresql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix 
selecting default maxconnections ... 100 
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB 
selecting default time zone ... Etc/UTC 
creating configuration files ... ok 
running bootstrap script ... ok 
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok 
syncing data to disk ... ok 

initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections 
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A or 
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
 
Success. You can now start the database server using: 

    pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/data -l logfile start 
    
waiting for server to start....2020-12-19 12:42:09.749 UTC [45] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 13.1 (Debian 13.1-1 pgdg100+1) on x86_64 pc linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit
2020-12-19 12:42:09.754 UTC [45] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-12-19 12:42:09.771 UTC [46] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-12-19 12:42:07 UTC
2020-12-19 12:42:09.778 UTC [45] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
 done 
server started 

/usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh: running /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/postgres.sh 
Password: su: Authentication failure

内容/etc/pam.d/su：

auth       sufficient pam_rootok.so





session       required   pam_env.so readenv=1
session       required   pam_env.so readenv=1 envfile=/etc/default/locale

session    optional   pam_mail.so nopen

session    required   pam_limits.so

@include common-auth
@include common-account
@include common-session

先谢谢您的帮助！

答案1

当构建时，将带有 SQL 语句的脚本文件放入 docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 目录即可完成此操作风俗与官方 Postgres 的图像根据图像https://github.com/docker-library/postgres

docker-context-dir
  /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    |-create-table.sql
  |-Dockerfile

Dockerfile

FROM postgres:latest
COPY docker-entrypoint-initdb.d /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

创建表.sql

CREATE TABLE people (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    ...);

答案2

由于可执行权限以及和/bin/su的内容没有发现问题。应该没问题吧！/etc/pam.d/su/etc/pam.d/su-limage

在我将图像拉到本地之后，错误似乎是由于造成的su postgres -c；应该将其删除，因为如果您将其添加whoami到脚本中，您会注意到该脚本将默认运行，postgresql这是因为容器在启动时创建了一个，su因为postgres守护进程需要以该用户的身份启动。

Docker 文件:

FROM registry.hub.docker.com/library/postgres
COPY postgres.sh /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/postgres.sh

脚本:

#!/bin/bash
whoami 
psql << EOF
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '123';
create database shippingchallenge;
\c shippingchallenge;
create table people(firstname CHAR(20), surname CHAR(30));
insert into people values ('Pieter', 'Pauwels');
EOF

测试:

docker exec -it <container> bash 
su postgres 
psql
postgres=# \l

输出（该表已创建，所有者是 postgres）：

shippingchallenge|postgres|UTF8|en_US.utf8|en_US.utf8|

这就是为什么su要求postgres用户的密码，因为没有传递任何内容，所以你得到了验证失败在构建期间。

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