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PATH 变量的正确格式是什么

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PATH 变量的正确格式是什么

我有一个 macOS，这是我执行此操作时得到的输出echo $PATH

usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin:/Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.npm/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/flutter/bin:/Users/hari/.edgedb/bin:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin:/opt/X11/bin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin:/Users/hari/.cargo/bin:/Users/hari/.fig/bin:/usr/local/go:/Users/hari/go:/Users/hari/go/bin:/Users/hari/.fzf/bin

这是正确的吗？这很长吗？如果很长我怎样才能让它变短。请帮忙

答案1

PATH是 shell 搜索可执行文件的目录的冒号分隔列表。PATH操纵是困难的，但有工具。我使用 Stephen Collyer 的 bash_path_funcs，早在 2000 年就在 Linux Journal 中进行了描述：

https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3645 https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/376​​8 https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3935

addpath仅当路径中最初不存在该条目时，该函数才会将其添加到路径中。delpath -n从路径中删除所有不存在的目录。uniqpath消除重复项。

您可以pathfunc.tgz从以下位置获取该文件 https://web.archive.org/web/20061210054813/http://www.netspinner.co.uk:80/Downloads/pathfunc.tgz

答案2

$ printf '%s\n' $path | sort | uniq -c
  16 /Library/Apple/usr/bin
  16 /Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin
  16 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin
  16 /Users/hari/.cargo/bin
  16 /Users/hari/.edgedb/bin
  16 /Users/hari/.fig/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.fzf/bin
   4 /Users/hari/.npm/bin
   2 /Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin
   1 /Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.
   8 /Users/hari/flutter/bin
  16 /Users/hari/go
  16 /Users/hari/go/bin
   1 /Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin
  16 /bin
  16 /opt/X11/bin
  16 /sbin
  16 /usr/bin
  16 /usr/local/bin
  16 /usr/local/go
  16 /usr/local/go/bin
  16 /usr/sbin
   1 usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin

正如您所看到的，您的PATH变量包含路径的多个副本，使其过长。

这可以通过 shell 特定的（并且可能是唯一的）方式来处理zsh。在该 shell 中，标量$PATH变量与数组变量“绑定” $path（在上面的一小段 shell 代码中使用），这意味着更改一个变量将自动更新另一个变量。此外，在zshshell 中，数组变量可以声明为“仅包含唯一元素”。将其应用于PATH和path变量，我们得到了一种方法来确保PATH不会像您所做的那样增长。

typeset -g -U PATH path

该-g选项使其typeset将给定变量声明为“全局”（而不是当前范围的“局部”），-U并使path变量仅保留每个变量的第一次出现。

将该命令添加到或主目录中typeset的第一个命令将确保它对于终端中的交互式 shell 会话处于活动状态。~/.zshenv~/.zprofile~/.zshrc

$ typeset -g -U PATH path
$ printf '%s\n' $path  | sort | uniq -c
   1 /Library/Apple/usr/bin
   1 /Library/Frameworks/EdgeDB.framework/bin
   1 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.cargo/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.edgedb/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.fig/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.fzf/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.npm/bin
   1 /Users/hari/.pub-cache/bin
   1 /Users/hari/Library/Android/sdk/platform-tools/.
   1 /Users/hari/flutter/bin
   1 /Users/hari/go
   1 /Users/hari/go/bin
   1 /Users/hari/google-cloud-sdk/bin
   1 /bin
   1 /opt/X11/bin
   1 /sbin
   1 /usr/bin
   1 /usr/local/bin
   1 /usr/local/go
   1 /usr/local/go/bin
   1 /usr/sbin
   1 usr/local/opt/avr-gcc@8/bin

要将路径添加到 的末尾PATH，

path+=( '/new/path' )

或者

path=( $path '/new/path' )

要将路径添加到 的开头PATH，

path=( '/new/path' $path )

如果path使用 使变量变得“唯一” typeset -U，则只有新路径的第一次出现才会保留在变量中。

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