我在一台新笔记本电脑上安装了 Debian 测试 (戴尔沃斯特罗 3400），发现音频不起作用。似乎唯一可用的编解码器是“HDMI”，并且未检测到编解码器“Cirrus Logic CS8409”（在 BIOS 中显示）。
症状：
- 根本没有声音。
- 音量不可调节，不能静音或取消静音。
- 在Gnome控制中心中，“输出设备”和“输入设备”选项为空。
安装的固件包有：
- 固件-iwlwifi
- 固件-linux-free
- 固件杂项非自由
- 固件-realtek
- 固件软签名
已安装的与音频相关的软件包有：
- alsa 拓扑会议
- alsa-ucm-conf
- alsa 实用程序
- pipeline-音频-客户端库
- 管道线箱
- 管道线脉冲
- 管线
- 电线管工
笔记：上述包所依赖的库包（lib*）这里就不一一列举了。
一些命令的结果：
$ lspci | grep -i audio
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Tiger Lake-LP Smart Sound Technology Audio Controller (rev 20)
$ uname -a
Linux vostro 5.15.0-3-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.15.15-2 (2022-01-30) x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ inxi -A
Audio:
Device-1: Intel Tiger Lake-LP Smart Sound Audio Driver: snd_hda_intel
Sound Server-1: ALSA v: k5.15.0-3-amd64 Running: yes
Sound Server-2: PipeWire v: 0.3.45 Running: yes
$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 10: HDMI 4 [HDMI 4]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 11: HDMI 5 [HDMI 5]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 12: HDMI 6 [HDMI 6]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 13: HDMI 7 [HDMI 7]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 14: HDMI 8 [HDMI 8]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 15: HDMI 9 [HDMI 9]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 16: HDMI 10 [HDMI 10]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 17: HDMI 11 [HDMI 11]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
$ cat /proc/asound/card*/codec* | grep "Codec"
Codec: Intel Tigerlake HDMI
$ cat /proc/asound/cards
0 [PCH]:
HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
HDA Intel PCH at 0x6001138000 irq 148
$ cat /proc/asound/hwdep
00-02: HDA Codec 2
$ cat /proc/asound/modules
0 snd_hda_intel
$ cat /proc/asound/pcm
00-03: HDMI 0 : HDMI 0 : playback 1
00-07: HDMI 1 : HDMI 1 : playback 1
00-08: HDMI 2 : HDMI 2 : playback 1
00-09: HDMI 3 : HDMI 3 : playback 1
00-10: HDMI 4 : HDMI 4 : playback 1
00-11: HDMI 5 : HDMI 5 : playback 1
00-12: HDMI 6 : HDMI 6 : playback 1
00-13: HDMI 7 : HDMI 7 : playback 1
00-14: HDMI 8 : HDMI 8 : playback 1
00-15: HDMI 9 : HDMI 9 : playback 1
00-16: HDMI 10 : HDMI 10 : playback 1
00-17: HDMI 11 : HDMI 11 : playback 1
$ cat /proc/asound/timers
G0: system timer : 4000.000us (10000000 ticks)
G3: HR timer : 0.001us (1000000000 ticks)
Client sequencer queue 1 : stopped
P0-3-0: PCM playback 0-3-0 : SLAVE
P0-7-0: PCM playback 0-7-0 : SLAVE
P0-8-0: PCM playback 0-8-0 : SLAVE
P0-9-0: PCM playback 0-9-0 : SLAVE
P0-10-0: PCM playback 0-10-0 : SLAVE
P0-11-0: PCM playback 0-11-0 : SLAVE
P0-12-0: PCM playback 0-12-0 : SLAVE
P0-13-0: PCM playback 0-13-0 : SLAVE
P0-14-0: PCM playback 0-14-0 : SLAVE
P0-15-0: PCM playback 0-15-0 : SLAVE
P0-16-0: PCM playback 0-16-0 : SLAVE
P0-17-0: PCM playback 0-17-0 : SLAVE
$ cat /proc/asound/version
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version k5.15.0-3-amd64.
$ dmesg -l err
[0.875463] ima: Can not allocate sha384 (reason: -2)
$ dmesg -l warn
[0.077506] ENERGY_PERF_BIAS: Set to 'normal', was 'performance'
[0.338315] pnp 00:05: disabling [mem 0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] because it overlaps 0000:00:02.0 BAR 9 [mem 0x00000000-0xdfffffff 64bit pref]
[0.356406] hpet_acpi_add: no address or irqs in _CRS
[0.989210] acpi PNP0C14:01: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[0.989368] wmi_bus wmi_bus-PNP0C14:02: WQBC data block query control method not found
[0.989370] acpi PNP0C14:02: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[1.022915] acpi PNP0C14:03: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[1.029315] usb: port power management may be unreliable
[1.031770] acpi PNP0C14:04: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[1.032117] acpi PNP0C14:05: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[1.033757] acpi PNP0C14:06: duplicate WMI GUID 05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910 (first instance was on PNP0C14:00)
[1.473885] device-mapper: core: CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE is disabled. Duplicate IMA measurements will not be recorded in the IMA log.
[2.475514] resource sanity check: requesting [mem 0xfedc0000-0xfedcdfff], which spans more than pnp 00:05 [mem 0xfedc0000-0xfedc7fff]
[2.475518] caller tgl_uncore_imc_freerunning_init_box+0xb7/0xf0 [intel_uncore] mapping multiple BARs
[2.485662] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: api flags index 2 larger than supported by driver
[2.883776] thermal thermal_zone4: failed to read out thermal zone (-61)
$ dmesg | grep "snd"
[2.488594] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[2.488846] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
$ cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="Debian"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="i8042.unlock"
其他信息：
- 没有 modprobe 配置，并且在 BIOS 中启用了音频。
- 根据BIOS测试，硬件没有问题。
- 命令“alsamixer”显示该卡是“HDA Intel PCH”，芯片是“Intel Tigerlake HDMI”，但在 BIOS 中，该芯片标记为“Cirrus Logic CS8409”。
- 命令“wpctl”（类似于命令“pactl”）显示没有接收器。
有什么建议么？多谢。