我有一台安装了 Debian 11 的旧华硕笔记本。如果我运行操作系统，特别是在插入网络线时，那么我就会遇到性能问题。我用 Memtest86+ 进行了高级内存测试，没有任何错误。
然后我创建了 kali-linux live usb 来执行一些健康检查。如果我跑
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~]
└─$ sudo rkhunter -c
或者：
sudo mkdir /mnt/temp
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/temp
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/mnt/temp]
└─$ sudo rkhunter -c
我得到了总结：
System checks summary
=====================
File properties checks...
Files checked: 145
Suspect files: 117
Rootkit checks...
Rootkits checked : 497
Possible rootkits: 6
Applications checks...
All checks skipped
The system checks took: 11 minutes and 43 seconds
All results have been written to the log file: /var/log/rkhunter.log
One or more warnings have been found while checking the system.
Please check the log file (/var/log/rkhunter.log)
这些是误报扫描吗？后得到相同的结果sudo rkhunter --propupd。结果是否只属于kali，如何对/dev/sda进行正确的检查？
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/mnt/temp]
└─$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 3.3G 1 loop /usr/lib/live/mount/rootfs/filesystem.squashfs
/run/live/rootfs/filesystem.squashfs
sda 8:0 0 149.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /mnt/temp
├─sda2 8:2 0 53.7G 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 2.1G 0 part
└─sda4 8:4 0 19.8M 0 part
sdb 8:16 1 14.5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 1 3.9G 0 part /usr/lib/live/mount/medium
│ /run/live/medium
└─sdb2 8:18 1 896K 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
/var/log/rkhunter.log：
...
[09:34:48] Performing file properties checks
[09:34:48] Checking for prerequisites [ OK ]
[09:35:05] /usr/sbin/adduser [ Warning ]
[09:35:06] Warning: File '/usr/sbin/adduser' has the immutable-bit set.
[09:35:06] Info: Found file '/usr/sbin/adduser': it is whitelisted for the 'script replacement' check.
[09:35:06] /usr/sbin/chroot [ Warning ]
[09:35:07] Warning: File '/usr/sbin/chroot' has the immutable-bit set.
[09:35:07] /usr/sbin/cron [ Warning ]
[09:35:07] Warning: File '/usr/sbin/cron' has the immutable-bit set.
[09:35:08] /usr/sbin/depmod [ OK ]
[09:35:09] /usr/sbin/fsck [ Warning ]
[09:35:09] Warning: File '/usr/sbin/fsck' has the immutable-bit set.
[09:35:10] /usr/sbin/groupadd [ Warning ]
[09:35:10] Warning: File '/usr/sbin/groupadd' has the immutable-bit set.
[09:35:10] /usr/sbin/groupdel [ Warning ]
...
[09:43:45] Checking for login backdoors [ None found ]
[09:43:45]
[09:43:45] Info: Starting test name 'sniffer_logs'
[09:43:46] Checking for file '/usr/lib/libice.log' [ Not found ]
[09:43:46] Checking for file '/dev/prom/sn.l' [ Not found ]
[09:43:46] Checking for file '/dev/fd/.88/zxsniff.log' [ Not found ]
[09:43:46] Checking for sniffer log files [ None found ]
[09:43:46]
[09:43:46] Info: Starting test name 'tripwire'
[09:43:46] Checking for software intrusions [ Skipped ]
[09:43:46] Info: Check skipped - tripwire not installed
[09:43:46]
[09:43:46] Info: Starting test name 'susp_dirs'
[09:43:46] Checking for directory '/usr/X11R6/bin/.,/copy' [ Not found ]
[09:43:46] Checking for directory '/dev/rd/cdb' [ Not found ]
[09:43:47] Checking for suspicious directories [ None found ]
[09:43:47]
[09:43:47] Info: Starting test name 'ipc_shared_mem'
[09:43:47] Info: The minimum shared memory segment size to be checked (in bytes): 1048576 (1.0MB)
[09:43:48] Checking for suspicious (large) shared memory segments [ Warning ]
[09:43:48] Warning: The following suspicious (large) shared memory segments have been found:
[09:43:48] Process: /usr/bin/xfce4-taskmanager PID: 2826 Owner: kali Size: 2.0MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:48] Process: /usr/bin/xfdesktop PID: 1839 Owner: kali Size: 2.0MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:49] Process: /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr PID: 2276 Owner: kali Size: 4.2MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:49] Process: /usr/lib/firefox-esr/firefox-esr PID: 2276 Owner: kali Size: 4.2MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:49] Process: /usr/bin/thunar PID: 1834 Owner: kali Size: 16MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:49] Process: /usr/bin/xfwm4 PID: 1777 Owner: kali Size: 2.0MB (configured size allowed: 1.0MB)
[09:43:49]
[09:43:49] Info: Starting test name 'trojans'
[09:43:49] Performing trojan specific checks
[09:43:49] Checking for enabled inetd services [ Skipped ]
[09:43:49] Info: Check skipped - file '/etc/inetd.conf' does not exist.
[09:43:49] Checking for enabled xinetd services [ Skipped ]
[09:43:49] Info: Check skipped - file '/etc/xinetd.conf' does not exist.
[09:43:50] Checking for Apache backdoor [ Not found ]
[09:43:50]
...
答案1
在 Kali 的运行实例中，存在具有可疑（大）共享内存段的进程。它们是否是误报并不能说明您的 Debian 11 安装情况。共享内存始终是运行时的，即您正在运行的实例。如果你想在Debian上做这个测试，你必须运行Debian。
实际上：您已经从 Kali 中尽可能地扫描了 Debian 中的 Rootkit。如果您确信您的性能问题来自某些 rootkit，则应该rkhunter在 Debian 上安装。
说实话，如果出现性能问题，我会首先查看vmstat、iostat和等工具top。如果它确实是网络生成的，请查看名称解析。/etc/resolv.conv等等。我见过完美运行的系统变得非常慢，只是因为 DNS 配置出错。