我有一台配备 AMD FX 8350 CPU、华硕 M5A99X EVO R2.0 主板、32 GB RAM 和 EVGA 850 W Bronze PSU 的台式电脑。我在其上双启动 Debian 12 Bookworm 和 Windows 10 Professional。最近，我的主板的 USB 1.0、2.0 和前端 3.0 端口在 Linux 下开始出现故障，dmesg -w每次我尝试在 USB 2.0 端口上连接某些内容时，都会收到下面发布的错误消息。
这个未检测到 USB 设备的实例与我在 Google 上读到的不少于 20 个该问题的实例的区别在于，它似乎只发生在 Linux 上；在 Windows 10、GRUB 和 UEFI BIOS 上，所有这些 USB 端口似乎都工作得很好。我可以将键盘插在 USB 2.0 端口上进入 BIOS 设置，修改 BIOS 设置，选择从有 GRUB 的驱动器启动，将键盘插在主板的 USB 2.0 端口之一上，在 GRUB 菜单中移动，然后然后，一旦 Linux 内核接管，它就会停止工作。
以下是我为解决此问题而尝试过但徒劳的事情的列表：
- 关闭计算机，从电源上拔下 PSU，按下电源按钮以耗尽 PSU 和主板的电容器，然后重新插入并启动。没用。
- 检查我的主板是否有某种 USB 端口花招，例如永远在线或 USB 充电或其他什么。我没有在 BIOS 配置中看到它，但我确实在可以访问它的 Windows 工具上看到它，禁用它并重新启动回 Linux。没用。
- 拔出和插入各种设备。没用。
- 重新加载模块 ohci_pci、ohci_hcd、ehci_pci 和 ehci_hcd。没用。
- 转到目录
/sys/bus/pci/drivers/ohci-pci，记下列出的所有设备，例如0000:00:12.0，并将每个设备重新绑定到for X in "0000:00:12.0" "0000:00:13.0" ...; do echo "$X" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ohci-pci/unbind; echo "$X" > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/ohci-pci/bind; done。没用。 - 重新安装 Linux 内核和系统中所有带有“固件”一词的软件包。待定。
图表 A，从冷启动时插入 USB 2.0 的键盘和鼠标开始：
[ 35.759939] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 10 using ohci-pci
[ 35.919935] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 36.191935] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 36.455931] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ohci-pci
[ 36.615932] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 36.883934] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 36.991964] usb usb10-port2: attempt power cycle
[ 37.687937] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 12 using ohci-pci
[ 38.103933] usb 10-2: device not accepting address 12, error -32
图表 B，将网络摄像头安装在前面的 USB 3.0 端口上：
[ 1511.259179] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: xHCI host not responding to stop endpoint command
[ 1511.259207] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: xHCI host controller not responding, assume dead
[ 1511.259215] xhci_hcd 0000:03:00.0: HC died; cleaning up
[ 1511.259222] usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 2
[ 1511.259253] uvcvideo 2-1:1.1: Failed to set UVC probe control : -110 (exp. 26).
[ 1511.259267] uvcvideo 2-1:1.1: Failed to query (129) UVC probe control : -19 (exp. 26).
[ 1511.259270] uvcvideo 2-1:1.1: Failed to initialize the device (-5).
图表 C，启动大约 10 分钟后将外部硬盘放在背面 USB 2.0 端口上：
[ 1650.811952] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 7 using ehci-pci
[ 1650.955963] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1651.195949] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1651.439960] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 8 using ehci-pci
[ 1651.587956] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1651.827958] usb 1-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1651.939968] usb usb1-port5: attempt power cycle
[ 1652.147951] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 9 using ehci-pci
[ 1652.579970] usb 1-5: device not accepting address 9, error -32
[ 1652.711972] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 10 using ehci-pci
[ 1653.147958] usb 1-5: device not accepting address 10, error -32
[ 1653.147991] usb usb1-port5: unable to enumerate USB device
[ 1653.539962] usb 10-5: new full-speed USB device number 14 using ohci-pci
[ 1653.703976] usb 10-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1653.979972] usb 10-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1654.247971] usb 10-5: new full-speed USB device number 15 using ohci-pci
[ 1654.411987] usb 10-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1654.679963] usb 10-5: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1654.788026] usb usb10-port5: attempt power cycle
[ 1655.031984] usb 1-5: new high-speed USB device number 11 using ehci-pci
图表 D，将键盘放在主板的 USB 1.0 端口上，用于将新的 BIOS 刷新到主板中：
[ 1753.111289] usb 5-1: USB disconnect, device number 5
[ 1759.488568] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 26 using ohci-pci
[ 1759.676571] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1759.944563] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1760.236572] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 27 using ohci-pci
[ 1760.404559] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1760.696573] usb 10-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1760.804598] usb usb10-port2: attempt power cycle
[ 1761.504564] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 28 using ohci-pci
[ 1761.924566] usb 10-2: device not accepting address 28, error -32
[ 1762.108584] usb 10-2: new full-speed USB device number 29 using ohci-pci
[ 1762.528566] usb 10-2: device not accepting address 29, error -32
[ 1762.528604] usb usb10-port2: unable to enumerate USB device
[ 1773.480652] usb 11-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using ohci-pci
[ 1773.672634] usb 11-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1773.944638] usb 11-2: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1774.236652] usb 11-2: new full-speed USB device number 3 using ohci-pci