我正在尝试设置从我的新笔记本电脑（客户端）到我的旧笔记本电脑（服务器）的远程访问。旧的运行在 Linux Mint 21.2 上，新的运行在 Ubuntu 23.10.1 上。我在客户端创建了一对 SSH 密钥，然后用于ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub server-name@server_ip将公钥获取到服务器上的授权密钥列表。但是，当我通过 .net 连接到服务器时，仍然提示我输入密码和服务器密码ssh。我听从了每一条建议这里，即，我已经检查了接受的答案中所述的所有权限，然后按照第二个答案中的描述执行了调试；调试日志不包含以下形式的行Authentication refused:。我的主目录可能是加密的（在 Linux Mint 上默认主目录是加密的），但它在每次登录时都会询问我密码，而不仅仅是第一次。下面是完整的调试日志，从登录到注销，其中 SSH 密钥和 IP 被编辑掉：
debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_8.9, OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
debug1: private host key #0: ssh-rsa SHA256:<...>
debug1: private host key #1: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:<...>
debug1: private host key #2: ssh-ed25519 SHA256:<...>
debug1: rexec_argv[0]='/usr/sbin/sshd'
debug1: rexec_argv[1]='-d'
debug1: rexec_argv[2]='-p'
debug1: rexec_argv[3]='2222'
debug1: Set /proc/self/oom_score_adj from 0 to -1000
debug1: Bind to port 2222 on 0.0.0.0.
Server listening on 0.0.0.0 port 2222.
debug1: Bind to port 2222 on ::.
Server listening on :: port 2222.
debug1: Server will not fork when running in debugging mode.
debug1: rexec start in 5 out 5 newsock 5 pipe -1 sock 8
debug1: sshd version OpenSSH_8.9, OpenSSL 3.0.2 15 Mar 2022
debug1: private host key #0: ssh-rsa SHA256:<...>
debug1: private host key #1: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:<...>
debug1: private host key #2: ssh-ed25519 SHA256:<...>
debug1: inetd sockets after dupping: 3, 3
Connection from 192.168.0.117 port 44842 on 192.168.0.108 port 2222 rdomain ""
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.9p1 Ubuntu-3ubuntu0.7
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_9.3p1 Ubuntu-1ubuntu3.3
debug1: compat_banner: match: OpenSSH_9.3p1 Ubuntu-1ubuntu3.3 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 129/65534 [preauth]
debug1: list_hostkey_types: rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received [preauth]
debug1: kex: algorithm: [email protected] [preauth]
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ssh-ed25519 [preauth]
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none [preauth]
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: [email protected] MAC: <implicit> compression: none [preauth]
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT received [preauth]
debug1: ssh_packet_send2_wrapped: resetting send seqnr 3 [preauth]
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent [preauth]
debug1: Sending SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO [preauth]
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS [preauth]
debug1: ssh_packet_read_poll2: resetting read seqnr 3 [preauth]
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received [preauth]
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks [preauth]
debug1: KEX done [preauth]
debug1: userauth-request for user monsier-catastrophe service ssh-connection method none [preauth]
debug1: attempt 0 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: PAM: initializing for "monsier-catastrophe"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_RHOST to "<an_ip_was_here>"
debug1: PAM: setting PAM_TTY to "ssh"
debug1: userauth-request for user monsier-catastrophe service ssh-connection method publickey [preauth]
debug1: attempt 1 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: userauth_pubkey: publickey test pkalg rsa-sha2-512 pkblob RSA SHA256:<...> [preauth]
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0)
debug1: trying public key file /home/monsier-catastrophe/.ssh/authorized_keys
debug1: fd 4 clearing O_NONBLOCK
debug1: /home/monsier-catastrophe/.ssh/authorized_keys:1: matching key found: RSA SHA256:<...>
debug1: /home/monsier-catastrophe/.ssh/authorized_keys:1: key options: agent-forwarding port-forwarding pty user-rc x11-forwarding
Accepted key RSA SHA256:<...> found at /home/monsier-catastrophe/.ssh/authorized_keys:1
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
Postponed publickey for monsier-catastrophe from <client_ip_was_here> port 44842 ssh2 [preauth]
debug1: userauth-request for user monsier-catastrophe service ssh-connection method password [preauth]
debug1: attempt 2 failures 0 [preauth]
debug1: PAM: password authentication accepted for monsier-catastrophe
debug1: do_pam_account: called
Accepted password for monsier-catastrophe from <client_ip> port 44842 ssh2
debug1: monitor_child_preauth: user monsier-catastrophe authenticated by privileged process
debug1: monitor_read_log: child log fd closed
debug1: PAM: establishing credentials
User child is on pid 36402
debug1: SELinux support disabled
debug1: PAM: establishing credentials
debug1: permanently_set_uid: 1000/1000
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks
debug1: ssh_packet_set_postauth: called
debug1: active: key options: agent-forwarding port-forwarding pty user-rc x11-forwarding
debug1: Entering interactive session for SSH2.
debug1: server_init_dispatch
debug1: server_input_channel_open: ctype session rchan 0 win 1048576 max 16384
debug1: input_session_request
debug1: channel 0: new [server-session]
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: session_open: channel 0
debug1: session_open: session 0: link with channel 0
debug1: server_input_channel_open: confirm session
debug1: server_input_global_request: rtype [email protected] want_reply 0
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request pty-req reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req pty-req
debug1: Allocating pty.
debug1: session_new: session 0
debug1: SELinux support disabled
debug1: session_pty_req: session 0 alloc /dev/pts/2
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request env reply 0
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req env
debug1: server_input_channel_req: channel 0 request shell reply 1
debug1: session_by_channel: session 0 channel 0
debug1: session_input_channel_req: session 0 req shell
Starting session: shell on pts/2 for monsier-catastrophe from <client_ip_was_here> port 44842 id 0
debug1: Setting controlling tty using TIOCSCTTY.
debug1: Received SIGCHLD.
debug1: session_by_pid: pid 36403
debug1: session_exit_message: session 0 channel 0 pid 36403
debug1: session_exit_message: release channel 0
debug1: session_by_tty: session 0 tty /dev/pts/2
debug1: session_pty_cleanup2: session 0 release /dev/pts/2
Received disconnect from 192.168.0.117 port 44842:11: disconnected by user
Disconnected from user monsier-catastrophe <client_ip_was_here> port 44842
debug1: do_cleanup
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=1000/1000)
debug1: restore_uid: (unprivileged)
debug1: do_cleanup
debug1: PAM: cleanup
debug1: PAM: closing session
debug1: PAM: deleting credentials
debug1: temporarily_use_uid: 1000/1000 (e=0/0)
debug1: restore_uid: 0/0
debug1: audit_event: unhandled event 12
答案1
检查主目录的权限 - 尝试对其执行 chmod 0700 。 ssh-copy-id 应该（！）对 .ssh 和授权密钥进行权限设置 - 但请检查它们是否也未打开。