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如何改进 tikZ 图？

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如何改进 tikZ 图？

我是 LaTeX 的初学者，尝试将其用于工业文档。我试图以图形方式展示使用专业出版软件解决方案的一些缺点（与 LaTeX 相比）。这些工具价格昂贵且学习起来复杂，因此通常仅限于单个站点和操作员，而一群“作者”提交他们的草稿，收到编辑稿，要求更正等：这是一个非常缓慢和低效的过程（由于迭代次数），瓶颈和挫折几乎是永久的。

  1. 借用别人的代码并修改它，我画了一个图。但是我没有找到任何方法来分离到达编辑站的所有线路。（黑色的与蓝色的重叠，等等）
  2. 此外，我欢迎任何建议，使插图尽可能有效地传达“多次迭代”和“瓶颈”的想法。
  3. 任何使图表在视觉上更具吸引力的建议都是受欢迎的，因为这个图表还不是很令人满意。
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex, scale =1]
\node[draw,rectangle,inner sep=0.5cm] (y) at (0,6) {Writer 1};
\node[draw,rectangle,inner sep=0.5cm] (k) at (0,0) {Writer 2};
\node[draw,rectangle,inner sep=0.5cm] (p) at (0,-2) {Writer 3};

\matrix[matrix of nodes,nodes in empty cells,rectangle,draw] (d) at (0,3)
{
  & & & & \\[3 mm]
  & &EDITING & &\\[3 mm]
  & &STATION & & \\[3 mm]
  & & & & \\[3 mm]
  & & & & \\[3 mm]
};

\foreach \z in {1,...,5}
{
  \draw[<-<, color=red!70, thick] let \n1={\z * -2 mm -10mm} in
      (y.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- y.west) |- (d.west |- d-\z-\z.south);
 \draw[<-<,color=red!70,  thick] let \n1={\z * 2mm + 5 mm} in
    (d.east |- d-\z-\z.east) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- y.east) |- (y.east);
}

\foreach \z in {1,...,5}
{
  \draw[>->, color=blue!70,thick] let \n1={\z * -2mm - 6 mm} in
      (k.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- k.west) |- (d.west |- d-\z-\z.north);
  \draw[>->,color=blue!70,thick] let \n1={\z * 2 mm + 2mm} in
      (d.east |- d-\z-\z.south) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- k.east) |- (k.east);
}

\foreach \z in {1,...,5}
{
  \draw[>->, color=black!70,thick] let \n1={\z * -2mm - 2 mm} in
      (p.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- p.west) |- (d.west |- d-\z-\z.west);
  \draw[>->,color=black!70,thick] let \n1={\z * 2 mm + 0mm} in
      (d.east |- d-\z-\z.south) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- p.east) |- (p.east);
}

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Centralized document editing station and associated flux of corrections}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

由上述代码生成的图表

答案1

我认为您可以使用 tikz 的两个重要功能改进您的代码：分组和样式。我认为您也可以避免在这里使用矩阵。要放置箭头，您有两种可能性：类似于yshift但来自d.east和d.west以及使用角度d.angle。计算角度很容易，因为只需添加相同的角度即可上下移动锚点。

我添加了很多scopes以避免风格重复（关键）

更新版本 2

我进入>->第一个范围，然后只需要修改范围

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document} 

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex, scale =1]
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={draw,rectangle,inner sep=0.5cm,align=center}]
    \node (y) at (0,6)  {Writer 1};
    \node (k) at (0,0)  {Writer 2};
    \node (p) at (0,-2) {Writer 3};
    \node[inner ysep=1cm] (d) at (0,3) {EDITING\\STATION};  
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[>->,thick]
    \foreach \z in {1,...,5}
    {
      \begin{scope} [<-<, color=red!70]
         \draw let \n1 = {\z * -2 mm -10mm}, 
                   \n2 = {130+\z*18}  in
                 (y.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- y.west) |- (d.west |- d.\n2);
         \draw let \n1={\z * 2mm + 5 mm},  \n2={50-\z*18} in
                 (d.east |- d.\n2) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- y.east) |- (y.east); 
      \end{scope}

      \begin{scope} [ color=blue!70]
          \draw let \n1 = {\z * -2mm - 6 mm}, 
                    \n2 = {126+\z*18}  in
              (k.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- k.west) |- (d.west |- d.\n2);   
              \draw let \n1 = {\z * 2 mm + 2mm}, 
                        \n2 = {54-\z*18} in
            (d.east |- d.\n2) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- k.east) |- (k.east);
      \end{scope}

  \begin{scope} [ color=black!70]
      \draw let \n1 = {\z * -2mm - 2 mm}, 
                \n2 = {122+\z*18} in
            (p.west) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.west |- p.west) |- (d.west |- d.\n2);
      \draw[ color=black!70] let \n1={\z * 2 mm + 0mm}, 
                                    \n2={58-\z*18} in
            (d.east |- d.\n2) -| ([xshift=\n1] d.east |- p.east) |- (p.east); 
  \end{scope}
 }  
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Centralized document editing station and associated flux of corrections}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

更新版本 3

最后，确定\n1 and \n2每个是没有用的draw。可以使用四个宏并在绘制时更改值。我还应用了 Yiannis 的想法：使用<-Insteadof <-<。

评论

值得注意的是，d.\angleleft-4我不确定是否有这种可能性，但 TikZ 是一个非常好的工具，而且非常连贯。当你在里面时（..），你可以使用数学解析器并用微积分确定坐标。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document} 

\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex, scale =1]
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={draw,rectangle,inner sep=0.5cm,align=center}]
  \node (y) at (0,6)  {Writer 1};
  \node (k) at (0,0)  {Writer 2};
  \node (p) at (0,-2) {Writer 3};
  \node[inner ysep=1cm] (d) at (0,3) {EDITING\\STATION};  
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[->,thick]
  \foreach \z in {1,...,5}
  {% 
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\shiftone}{\z * -2 mm -10mm} 
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\shifttwo}{\z * 2mm + 5 mm} 
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleleft}{130 + \z * 18}
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\angleright}{50 - \z * 18}   

  \begin{scope} [<-, color=red!70]
    \draw  (y.west) -| ([xshift=\shiftone] d.west |- y.west) |- (d.west |- d.\angleleft);
    \draw  (d.east |- d.\angleright) -| ([xshift=\shifttwo] d.east |- y.east) |- (y.east); 
  \end{scope}

  \begin{scope} [color=blue!70]
    \draw (k.west) -| ([xshift=\shiftone+4mm] d.west |- k.west) |- (d.west |- d.\angleleft-4);   
    \draw (d.east |- d.\angleright+4) -| ([xshift=\shifttwo-3mm] d.east |- k.east) |- (k.east);
  \end{scope}

  \begin{scope} [color=black!70]
    \draw (p.west) -| ([xshift=\shiftone+8mm] d.west |- p.west) |- (d.west |- d.\angleleft-8);
    \draw (d.east |- d.\angleright+8) -| ([xshift=\shifttwo-5mm] d.east |- p.east) |- (p.east); 
  \end{scope}
 }  
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

更新版本 4

代码可以更紧凑。我们删除范围并添加新样式。我只使用一条路径来添加四个节点

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\begin{document} 
\begin{tikzpicture}[> = latex,
                   ->,
                   thick,
                   every node/.style={ draw, rectangle, inner sep=0.5cm, align=center},
                   col/.style={color=#1!70}] 

  \path node (y) at (0,6)  {Writer 1}
        node (k) at (0,0)  {Writer 2}
        node (p) at (0,-2) {Writer 3}
        node[inner ysep=1cm] (d) at (0,3) {EDITING\\STATION};  

  \foreach \z in {1,...,5}
  {% 
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\shone}{\z * -2 mm -10mm} 
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\shtwo}{\z * 2mm + 5 mm} 
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\anleft}{130 + \z * 18}
   \pgfmathsetmacro{\anright}{50 - \z * 18}   

  \draw[<-, col=red]   (y.west) -| ([xshift=\shone] d.west |- y.west) |- (d.west |- d.\anleft);
  \draw[<-, col=red]   (d.east |- d.\anright) -| ([xshift=\shtwo] d.east |- y.east) |- (y.east); 

  \draw[col=blue]  (k.west) -| ([xshift=\shone+4mm] d.west |- k.west) |- (d.west |- d.\anleft-4);   
  \draw[col=blue]  (d.east |- d.\anright+4) -| ([xshift=\shtwo-3mm] d.east |- k.east) |- (k.east);

 \draw[col=black] (p.west) -| ([xshift=\shone+8mm] d.west |- p.west) |- (d.west |- d.\anleft-8);
 \draw[col=black] (d.east |- d.\anright+8) -| ([xshift=\shtwo-5mm] d.east |- p.east) |- (p.east); 
 }  

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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