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在 LaTeX 中绘制徽章

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在 LaTeX 中绘制徽章

在学术界我们正在尝试创造一个社区广告尝试让我们从测试版中晋升。我们正在寻找一种大学式的徽章/印章。我在 tex.sx 上看到了一些非常棒的艺术品，所以我想问一下...

答案1

免责声明

这应该被视为答案的开始。

实际上这可以看作是问题标题的答案，在 LaTeX 中绘制徽章而不是回答什么是真的问题中问到：大学类型的徽章/印章。确实，当我看到标题时，我认为使用 TikZ 应该可以提供一种绘制纹章盾牌的方法；也许不是那些非常复杂的，但至少是比较简单的。

参考的是：http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heraldry；请注意，纹章颜色应遵守以下规则（和例外情况）http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_tincture，但暂时我并没有考虑它们。

从技术上讲，这是我第一次创建自定义 pgf 形状，因此参考形状可以（我想说必须）有待改进。另一个需要改进的地方是十字线如何与盾牌的边框连接。

代码：

% version 1/12/2012 with clipping

\documentclass[svgnames]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, backgrounds}

\makeatletter    

\pgfkeys{/tikz/.cd,
  corner radius/.initial=1.5075cm,
  height shield/.initial=2.25cm,
  minimum width=3cm,
  minimum height=1.5cm,
}


\pgfdeclareshape{heraldic shield}{% taken and modified from page 631 of the manual
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] %  this is nearly a rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}

   \savedmacro\cornerradius{%
    \edef\cornerradius{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius}}%
  }

   \savedmacro\heightshield{%
    \edef\heightshield{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/height shield}}%
  }

  \savedmacro\posarc{%
    \edef\posarc{1.75cm*\heightshield}%
  }

  \backgroundpath{%  this is new
    %  store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
    %  construct main path
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
     \pgfpatharc{360}{270}{\cornerradius}%
     \pgfpatharc{270}{180}{\cornerradius}%
     \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathclose
 }

  \savedanchor{\bottom}{
    \pgf@y=-\heightshield%
    \pgf@x=0cm %
    }

    \savedanchor{\arcleft}{
    \pgf@y=-\posarc%
    \pgf@x=0.9cm %
    }
    \savedanchor{\arcright}{
    \pgf@y=-\posarc%
    \pgf@x=-0.9cm %
    }
 \anchor{bottom}{\bottom}
 \anchor{arc left}{\arcleft}
 \anchor{arc right}{\arcright}
}
\makeatother


\tikzset{pale/.style={
        heraldic shield,    
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb] \node [heraldic shield]{};
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \draw[#1, line width=15pt,line cap=rect](\tikzlastnode.north)--(\tikzlastnode.bottom);
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
    fess/.style={
        heraldic shield,
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb] \node [heraldic shield]{};
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \draw[#1, line width=15pt](\tikzlastnode.south west)--(\tikzlastnode.south east);
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }
    }   
}

\tikzset{bend/.style={
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{};
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \draw[#1, line width=10pt,line cap=rect](\tikzlastnode.north west)--(\tikzlastnode.arc left);
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}              
             }
        }    
    },
    bend right/.style={
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \draw[#1, line width=10pt,line cap=rect](\tikzlastnode.north east)--(\tikzlastnode.arc right);
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
}
\tikzset{chief/.style={
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \fill[#1](\tikzlastnode.west)--(\tikzlastnode.north west)--(\tikzlastnode.north east)--(\tikzlastnode.east)--cycle;
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
    cross/.style={
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}             
                \draw[#1, line width=15pt,line cap=rect](\tikzlastnode.north)--(\tikzlastnode.bottom);
                \draw[#1, line width=15pt,line cap=rect](\tikzlastnode.south west)--(\tikzlastnode.south east);
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
    pile/.style={
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \filldraw[#1,line cap=rect]($(\tikzlastnode.north west)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.north)$)--($(\tikzlastnode.north east)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.north)$)--(\tikzlastnode.bottom)--cycle;
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
}
\tikzset{party per fess/.style args={superior color #1 and inferior color #2}{
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \fill[#1](\tikzlastnode.west)--(\tikzlastnode.north west)--(\tikzlastnode.north east)--(\tikzlastnode.east)--cycle;
                \fill[#2]($(\tikzlastnode.south west)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.west)$)-- (\tikzlastnode.south west)arc(180:270:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius}) arc(270:360:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius})--(\tikzlastnode.south east) --($(\tikzlastnode.south east)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.east)$) --cycle;
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
    party per pale/.style args={left color #1 and right color #2}{
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \begin{scope}
                    [local bounding box=bb]  \node  [heraldic shield]{}; 
                \end{scope}
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \pgfnode{heraldic shield}{center}{}{nodename}{\pgfusepath{stroke,clip}}
                \fill[#1] (\tikzlastnode.north)--(\tikzlastnode.north west)--(\tikzlastnode.south west)arc(180:270:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius})--cycle;
                \fill[#2] (\tikzlastnode.north)--(\tikzlastnode.north east)--(\tikzlastnode.south east)arc(360:270:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius})--cycle;
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \pgfresetboundingbox
                \useasboundingbox (bb.south west) rectangle  (bb.north east);
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    },
}   

\newcommand{\army}[2]{
\tikz[baseline=-0.5ex,remember picture]\node[#1=#2] (x) {};
\tikz[baseline=-0.5ex,remember picture,overlay]\node[font=\Large,yshift=0.5cm] at (x.north){#1};
\hspace{1cm}
}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\army{fess}{red}
\army{pale}{blue}
\army{bend}{Purple}\\[7ex]
\army{bend right}{red}
\army{chief}{Green}
\army{cross}{Gold}\\[7ex]
\army{pile}{Silver}
\army{party per fess}{superior color white and inferior color blue}
\army{party per pale}{left color Silver and right color Green}
\end{document}

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

以保罗著名的鸭子为例：

\documentclass[svgnames]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, backgrounds}
\input{pc-duck} 
% tikz and colors of the duck from
% http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/63732/cute-document-in-latex/63759#63759
\makeatletter    

\pgfkeys{/tikz/.cd,
  corner radius/.initial=1.5075cm,
  height shield/.initial=2.25cm,
  minimum width=3cm,
  minimum height=1.5cm,
}


\pgfdeclareshape{heraldic shield}{% taken and modified from page 631 of the manual
  \inheritsavedanchors[from=rectangle] %  this is nearly a rectangle
  \inheritanchorborder[from=rectangle]
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{center}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{north east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{south east}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{west}
  \inheritanchor[from=rectangle]{east}

   \savedmacro\cornerradius{%
    \edef\cornerradius{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius}}%
  }

   \savedmacro\heightshield{%
    \edef\heightshield{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/height shield}}%
  }

  \savedmacro\posarc{%
    \edef\posarc{1.75cm*\heightshield}%
  }


  %  ... and possibly more
  \backgroundpath{%  this is new
    %  store lower right in xa/ya and upper right in xb/yb
    \southwest \pgf@xa=\pgf@x \pgf@ya=\pgf@y
    \northeast \pgf@xb=\pgf@x \pgf@yb=\pgf@y
    %  construct main path
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@yb}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xb}{\pgf@ya}}
     \pgfpatharc{360}{270}{\cornerradius}%
     \pgfpatharc{270}{180}{\cornerradius}%
     \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\pgf@xa}{\pgf@ya}}
    \pgfpathclose
 }

  \savedanchor{\bottom}{
    \pgf@y=-\heightshield%
    \pgf@x=0cm %
    }

    \savedanchor{\arcleft}{
    \pgf@y=-\posarc%
    \pgf@x=0.9cm %
    }
    \savedanchor{\arcright}{
    \pgf@y=-\posarc%
    \pgf@x=-0.9cm %
    }
 \anchor{bottom}{\bottom}
 \anchor{arc left}{\arcleft}
 \anchor{arc right}{\arcright}
}
\makeatother
\def\duckinarm{\resizebox{5.5em}{!}{\drawduck}}

\tikzset{party per fess with traversing duck/.style args={superior color #1 and inferior color #2}{
        heraldic shield,        
        draw=black,
        line width=0.4pt,
        append after command={
            \pgfextra{
                \begin{pgfinterruptpath}
                \node[above=5ex] at ([xshift=0.25em]\tikzlastnode.bottom) {\duckinarm};
                \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
                \fill[#1](\tikzlastnode.west)--(\tikzlastnode.north west)--(\tikzlastnode.north east)--(\tikzlastnode.east)--cycle;
                \fill[#2]($(\tikzlastnode.south west)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.west)$)-- (\tikzlastnode.south west)arc(180:270:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius}) arc(270:360:\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/corner radius})--(\tikzlastnode.south east) --($(\tikzlastnode.south east)!0.5!(\tikzlastnode.east)$) --cycle;
                \end{pgfonlayer}
                \end{pgfinterruptpath}
             }
        }    
    }
}   

\newcommand{\army}[2]{
\tikz[baseline=-0.5ex]\node[#1=#2, label={[label distance=0.1cm,font=\Large]90:#1}] {};
}
\begin{document}
\army{party per fess with traversing duck}{superior color white and inferior color blue}
\end{document}

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

我认为我会对这个相当开放的问题做出贡献，尽管克劳迪奥已经给出了很好的答案。

当为您自己或您的社区制作徽章时（我想象您经常这样做;-)），我认为最好添加一个戒指或横幅，您可以在上面写一些内容（您的名字“ Academia StackExchange”、您的座右铭“ we're closing soon, but we would like to stay a little longer”或其他任何东西）。我对于这句座右铭表示抱歉，我只是认为它很有趣^_^。

以下是盾牌+戒指的代码：

\documentclass{memoir}

\usepackage{fourier}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage{pgfplots}

\definecolor{paper}{RGB}{255,190,78} % A new color

\newcommand{\qmark}{\resizebox{50pt}{!}{\textcolor{yellow}?}} % Question mark

\begin{ducument}

\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1,y=1]
\filldraw[line width=2,fill=paper] (0,0) circle (76);  % Outer ring
\draw[line width=2,fill=white] (0,0) circle (60);  % Inner ring
\filldraw[line width=2pt,fill=red] (0,-60) .. controls (50,-40) .. (50,-20)     -- (50,50) -- % Shield
(-50,50) -- (-50,-20) .. controls (-50,-40) .. (0,-60) -- cycle;
\node at (0,0) {\qmark}; % Question mark
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

盾牌上应该画什么？我不知道。你可以画一只鸭子，用 Paolo 的duck，但如果我们在谈论 academia.SE，那么猫头鹰可能更合适。我试着画一只猫头鹰，但结果很糟糕（见下文），而且代码很乱。好吧，我是个物理学家，不是艺术家，我很少在 TikZ 中画猫头鹰。

猫头鹰的代码（它不是蛾子）：

\newcommand{\rfeather}{% Very bad macro
(40,24) .. controls (100,28) and (100,10) .. (74,10) .. controls (80,16) and (80,20) .. (40,24)}
\newcommand{\lfeather}{% Another very bad macro
(-40,24) .. controls (-100,28) and (-100,10) .. (-74,10) .. controls (-80,16) and (-80,20) .. (-40,24)}

\newcommand{\owl}{ %
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt,y=1pt] %
\fill (0,50) .. controls (50,60) and (50,0) .. (0,-50) % Body
.. controls (-50,0) and (-50,60) .. (0,50) -- cycle; %
\draw[red,decorate,decoration=zigzag] (20,0) -- (-20,0); %
\draw[red,decorate,decoration=zigzag] (15,-10) -- (-15,-10); %
\draw[red,decorate,decoration=zigzag] (10,-20) -- (-10,-20); %
\draw[red,line width=2pt] (18,28) circle (5); % Eyes
\draw[red,line width=2pt] (-18,28) circle (5); %
\fill[red] (0,10) .. controls (12,25) and (-12,25) .. (0,10) -- cycle; %Beak
\draw[line width=2pt] (15,50) .. controls (20,58) .. (30,60) .. controls     (32,55) .. (30,40); % Ears
\filldraw[line width=2pt] (15,50) .. controls (20,58) .. (30,60) .. controls     (27,55) .. (25,40) -- cycle; %
\draw (27,40) .. controls (28,47) .. (29,50); %
\draw[line width=2pt] (-15,50) .. controls (-20,58) .. (-30,60) .. controls     (-32,55) .. (-30,40); %
\filldraw[line width=2pt] (-15,50) .. controls (-20,58) .. (-30,60) .. controls (-27,55) .. (-25,40) -- cycle; %
\draw (-27,40) .. controls (-28,47) .. (-29,50); %
\fill\rfeather; % Wings
\begin{scope}[xshift=-7,yshift=12] %
\fill[rotate=-20] \rfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=-8,yshift=23] %
\fill[rotate=-40] \rfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=-1,yshift=37] %
\fill[rotate=-65] \rfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=12,yshift=43] %
\fill[rotate=-90] \rfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\fill\lfeather; %
\begin{scope}[xshift=7,yshift=12] %
\fill[rotate=20] \lfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=8,yshift=23] %
\fill[rotate=40] \lfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=1,yshift=37] %
\fill[rotate=65] \lfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\begin{scope}[xshift=-12,yshift=43] %
\fill[rotate=90] \lfeather; %
\end{scope} %
\end{tikzpicture} }

最后的结果如下：

这是一只猫头鹰（不是蛾子）！

答案3

为什么不呢？METAPOST 盾牌……

盾

outputtemplate := "%j.%c";

beginfig(5)
  transform T;
  color acol;
  color bcol;
  acol := (1,.5,1);
  bcol := (.6,.1,.6);
  wc:=40mm;
  hc:=50mm;
  sh:=.825*hc;
  tu:=.75*hc;
  bl:=.29*hc;
  bu:=.4*hc;
  tl:=.3*hc;
  z0=(0,hc);
  z1=(1/2*wc,sh);
  z2=(0,0);
  z3=(-1/2*wc,sh);
  z4=(0,hc/2);
  path bounds;
  bounds := z0 -- z1 -- z2 -- z3 -- cycle;
  setbounds currentpicture to bounds;
  z0 transformed T = .05[z0,z4];
  path pb;
  pb := z0{dir 0} .. {dir 10}z1{dir -90} .. {dir -135}z2{dir 135} .. {dir 90}z3{dir -10} .. cycle;
  for i=0 step 0.05 until 1:
    fill pb scaled (1-i) withcolor (1-i)*acol;
  endfor;
  draw pb withpen pencircle scaled 2 withcolor bcol;
  label("?" infont defaultfont scaled 10,z4) withcolor bcol;
endfig;


bye;

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