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在书中创建图形的方法——TikZ、SVG、PDF、Inkscape？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf xetex pdf svg excel
在书中创建图形的方法——TikZ、SVG、PDF、Inkscape？

我有一系列用 Excel 创建的“图表”（在发现之前LaTeX）来显示旧计算机的 ROM 字符模式，以便纳入有关复古计算的书籍中。

在此处输入图片描述

我的难题是如何将它们插入书中。我假设每个都应该是一张单独的图像，这样我就可以将LaTeX它们正确地格式化为网格模式，但我也想知道TikZInkscape 是否是更好的方法。

我总共需要 128 个字符。左下角的字符来自 TTF 字体。我正在使用，XeTeX所以包含该字体没有问题。

从学习曲线、便利性和最终文档的外观来看，“最佳”方法是什么？

答案1

请注意，symbol node样式应该具有适合特殊字体的正确字体设置。我的positioning-plus已用于west below可替换为原始密钥positioning和 TikZ 密钥的密钥：west below=<distance> of node与 相同below=<distance> of node.south west, anchor=north west。

代码

\documentclass[tikz,convert=false]{standalone}% 
\usetikzlibrary{chains,positioning-plus}
\pgfkeys{%
  /handlers/.tikz/.code=\pgfkeys{\pgfkeyscurrentpath/.code=\tikzset{#1}},%
  /handlers/.append tikz/.code=\pgfkeys{\pgfkeyscurrentpath/.append code=\tikzset{#1}},%
  /handlers/.prefix tikz/.code=\pgfkeys{\pgfkeyscurrentpath/.prefix code=\tikzset{#1}}}
\newcommand*{\letterset}{\pgfqkeys{/letter}}
\letterset{
  @int/start chain/.style={start chain=ch#1 going right},
  columns/.initial=8,
  rows/.initial={0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
  column width/.initial=+.5cm,
  row height/.initial=+.6cm,
  %
  every letter picture/.tikz={
    node distance=+0pt,
    every node/.append style={
      minimum width=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/column width},
      minimum height=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/row height},
      text depth=+0pt,
      outer sep=+0pt,
    }},
  every header label/.tikz={font=\tiny,rotate=90,inner sep=+0pt,outer sep=+0pt},
  every cell node/.tikz={draw=gray, ultra thin},
  every 1 node/.tikz={fill=black},
  every 0 node/.tikz={},
  data column node/.tikz={
    align=right,
    text width=\widthof{000}
  },
  symbol node/.tikz={
    font=\ttfamily}% Here should stand the command for the XeTeX font
}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\letterChart}[4][]{%
  \begingroup
    \pgfqkeys{/letter}{#1}%
    \pgfkeysgetvalue{/letter/columns}\letter@Columns
    \pgfmathsetbasenumberlength{\letter@Columns}%
    \pgfkeysgetvalue{/letter/rows}\letter@Rows
    \tikzpicture[/letter/every letter picture/.try, /letter/@int/start chain/.list/.expanded={0,1,...,\letter@Columns}]
      \node[anchor=west,/letter/head node/.try] (letter@head) {Bit Values of Pixels};
        \foreach \letter@Power in {1,...,\letter@Columns} {
          \ifnum\letter@Power=1\tikzset{/letter/@int/first node/.tikz={west below=of letter@head}}\fi
          \node[on chain=ch0,/letter/@int/first node/.try,/letter/header node/.try,label={[/letter/every header label/.try]center:\pgfmathprint{int(2^(\letter@Columns-\letter@Power))}}] {};
        }
        \foreach \letter@Row[count=\c@prevRow from 0, count=\c@Row] in \letter@Rows {%
          \pgfmathbin{\letter@Row}
          \edef\letter@Digits{\expandafter\letter@IncludeComma\pgfmathresult\stop@Letter}
          \foreach \letter@Digit[count=\c@Col] in \letter@Digits{
            \ifnum\c@Col=1\tikzset{/letter/@int/first node/.tikz={below=of ch\c@prevRow-begin}}\fi
            \node[on chain=ch\c@Row,/letter/@int/first node/.try,/letter/every cell node/.try, /letter/every \letter@Digit\space node/.try] {};
          }
          \node[/letter/data column node/.try, right=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/column width} of ch\c@Row-end] (letter@datacolumn) {\letter@Row};
        }
        \node[anchor=base east, /letter/head node/.try] at ([email protected]|[email protected]) {Data};

        \node[below=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/row height} of letter@datacolumn, /letter/data column node/.try] (letter@ascii) {#3};
        \node[mid left=of letter@ascii] {ASCII Code:};
        \node[below=of letter@ascii, /letter/data column node/.try] (letter@screen) {#4};
        \node[mid left=of letter@screen] {Screen Code:};

        \node[anchor=base west, /letter/symbol node/.try] at ([email protected]|[email protected] west) {#2};
    \endtikzpicture
  \endgroup
}
\def\letter@IncludeComma#1#2{%
  #1%
  \ifx\stop@Letter#2
    \expandafter\pgfutil@gobble
  \else
    \expandafter\pgfutil@firstofone
  \fi
  {,\letter@IncludeComma#2}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\letterChart[rows={60,102,110,110,96,98,60,0}]{@}{64}{0}
\letterChart[rows={24,60,102,102,126,102,102,0}]{A}{65}{1}
\letterChart[rows={124,102,102,124,102,102,124,0}]{B}{66}{2}

\letterset{
  every letter picture/.append tikz={node distance=+3pt},
  /tikz/nodes={minimum width=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/column width}-3pt,
        minimum height=\pgfkeysvalueof{/letter/row height}-3pt},
  every cell node/.append tikz={shape=circle,draw=none},
  column width/.initial=+.5cm,
  row height/.initial=+.5cm}

\letterChart[rows={60,102,110,110,96,98,60,0}]{@}{64}{0}
\letterChart[rows={24,60,102,102,126,102,102,0}]{A}{65}{1}
\letterChart[rows={124,102,102,124,102,102,124,0}]{B}{66}{2}
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述

在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述 在此处输入图片描述

答案2

根据 Ethan Bolker 的建议，我会将它们直接从 Excel 导出为pdf。将所有pdf文件放在一个文件夹中。然后，您可以使用以下循环裁剪所有pdfs：

for img in *.pdf
    do
    convert -quality 100 -crop 300x100+20+50 "$img" "new_$img"
    echo $img
done

其中：300是宽度，100是高度，20是 x 轴上裁剪的部分，50是 y 轴上裁剪的部分。

--> (20,50)是图像的左上角。

如果您对该比例有问题，您可以添加-scale 100%到命令中。

笔记：为了使此循环有用，您要导出的所有字符必须具有相同的大小。

答案3

从头开始尝试使用 LaTeX：

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{colortbl,xcolor}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{rotating,hhline}
\providecommand{\X}{\cellcolor{red!50}}
\providecommand{\CR}{\hhline{--------~-}}
%\renewcommand\arraystretch{1} 
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
\multicolumn{9}{l}{Bit values of Pixels} &
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Data}\\
\multicolumn{1}{c}{}\\
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 128\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 64\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 32\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 16\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 8\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 4\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 2\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{\begin{sideways}\small 1\end{sideways}} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{}\\
\CR &    &    & \X & \X &    &    &  &  & 24\\
\CR &    & \X & \X & \X & \X &    &  &  & 60\\
\CR & \X & \X &    &    & \X & \X &  &  & 102\\
\CR & \X & \X &    &    & \X & \X &  &  & 102\\
\CR & \X & \X & \X & \X & \X & \X &  &  & 126\\
\CR & \X & \X &    &    & \X & \X &  &  & 102\\
\CR & \X & \X &    &    & \X & \X &  &  & 102\\
\CR &    &    &    &    &    &    &  &  & 0\\
\CR
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{>{\centering}p{1cm}}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{}\\
\cline{1-1} \cline{10-10} 
A & \multicolumn{8}{r|}{ASCII Code:} & 64\\
\cline{1-1} \cline{10-10} 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \multicolumn{8}{r|}{Screen Code:} & \\
\cline{10-10} 
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

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