我正在尝试重新整理我的参考书目，但我被难住了。最后应该按字母顺序排列，先是第一作者，然后是年份，然后是合著者，如果年份相同，则应使用a或b
目前，字母排序有点扭曲，但我无法弄清楚 LateX 如何对 bibitems 进行排序。
图形化地演示一下我的意思：
bbx 文件：
% $Id: ulm.bbx,v 0.1 2013/06/28 19:09:07 lehman unstable $
\ProvidesFile{ulm.bbx}
[\abx@bbxid $Id: ulm.bbx,v 0.1 2013/06/28 19:09:07 lehman unstable $]
\newbibmacro*{begentry}{}
\newbibmacro*{finentry}{\finentry}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{article}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{journal+issuetitle}%
\addcolon
\usebibmacro{note+pages}%
\newblock
\usebibmacro{date}
% \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
% \usebibmacro{pageref}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{book}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit\newblock
\ifnameundef{editor}
{}
{
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\setunit{\addspace}
\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\printtext{(Hrsg)}%
\addspace%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newblock}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\addspace
\usebibmacro{date}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{incollection}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit\newblock
\ifnameundef{editor}
{}
{
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\setunit{\addspace}
\printnames{editor}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\printtext{(Hrsg)}%
\newblock}%
\addspace\newblock
\printfield{series}
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{volume}
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\addspace
\usebibmacro{date}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{online}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\printfield{url}
\newblock
\printfield{note} %ich konnte mit meiner Literaturverwaltung nicht urldate mitangeben. Richtig wäre die Angabe \printfield{urldate}. Ggf. muss man das noch durch ein Makro in Klammern setzen.
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{mvbook}{book}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{bookinbook}{inbook}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{suppbook}{inbook}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{mvcollection}{collection}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{suppcollection}{incollection}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{mvproceedings}{proceedings}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{reference}{collection}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{mvreference}{reference}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{inreference}{incollection}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{suppperiodical}{article}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{review}{article}
\DeclareBibliographyAlias{*}{misc}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+title}{%
\iffieldsequal{maintitle}{title}
{\clearfield{maintitle}%
\clearfield{mainsubtitle}%
\clearfield{maintitleaddon}}
{\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{} \usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}}%
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{maintitle+booktitle}{%
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{}
{\usebibmacro{maintitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\iffieldundef{volume}
{}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}}}%
\usebibmacro{booktitle}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{journal+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{journal}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\usebibmacro{volume}%
% \setunit{\addspace}%
% \usebibmacro{issue}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{volume}{%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\addcolon}%
}
\newbibmacro*{title+issuetitle}{%
\usebibmacro{periodical}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{series}
{}
{\newunit
\printfield{series}%
\setunit{\addspace}}%
\printfield{volume}%
\setunit*{\adddot}%
\printfield{number}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{eid}%
\setunit{\addspace}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\setunit{\addcolon\space}%
\usebibmacro{issue}%
\newunit}
\renewbibmacro*{issue}{%
\iffieldundef{issue}
{}
{\printtext[parens]{%
{\printfield{issue}%
\setunit*{\addspace}}}%
\newunit}}
\newbibmacro*{series+number}{%
\printfield{series}%
\setunit*{\addspace}%
\printfield{number}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{publisher+location}{%
\iflistundef{publisher}
{}
\printlist{publisher}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}
\printlist{location}%
\setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{institution+location+date}{%
\printlist{location}%
\iflistundef{institution}
{\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
{\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
\printlist{institution}%
% \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
% \usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{organization+location+date}{%
\printlist{location}%
\iflistundef{organization}
{\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}
{\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
\printlist{organization}%
% \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
% \usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{location+date}{%
\printlist{location}%
% \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
% \usebibmacro{date}%
\newunit}
\newbibmacro*{chapter+pages}{%
% \printfield{chapter}%
% \setunit{\addcomma\space}
\usebibmacro{S.}
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\printfield{pages}%
\addspace}
\newbibmacro*{note+pages}{%
% \printfield{note}%
\setunit{\bibpagespunct}%
\printfield{pages}%
\addspace}
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{labelnumber}
\providebool{bbx:subentry}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{subentry}[true]{%
\setbool{bbx:subentry}{#1}}
\DeclareNameAlias{author}{default}
\DeclareNameAlias{editor}{default}
\DeclareNameAlias{translator}{default}
\DeclareFieldFormat{bibentrysetcount}{\mkbibparens{\mknumalph{#1}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{labelnumberwidth}{\mkbibbrackets{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{shorthandwidth}{\mkbibbrackets{#1}}
\defbibenvironment{bibliography}
{\list
{\printtext[labelnumberwidth]{%
\printfield{prefixnumber}%
\printfield{labelnumber}}}
{\setlength{\labelwidth}{\labelnumberwidth}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
\setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}%
\renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{\hss##1}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
\defbibenvironment{shorthands}
{\list
{\printfield[shorthandwidth]{shorthand}}
{\setlength{\labelwidth}{\shorthandwidth}%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
\setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
\addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
\setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
\setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}%
\renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{\hss##1}}}
{\endlist}
{\item}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{set}{%
\entryset
{\ifbool{bbx:subentry}
{\printfield[bibentrysetcount]{entrysetcount}%
\setunit*{\addnbspace}}
{}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{setpageref}%
\finentry}
\def\MKbibnamefirst#1{\expandafter\mkbibnamefirst@i#1..\@nil}
\def\mkbibnamefirst@i#1.#2.#3\@nil{#1}
\renewbibmacro*{name:last-first}[4]{%
\ifuseprefix
{\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#3#1}%
\usebibmacro{name:hook}{#3#1}%
\ifblank{#3}{}{%
\ifcapital
{\mkbibnameprefix{\MakeCapital{#3}}\isdot}
{\mkbibnameprefix{#3}}%
\ifpunctmark{'}{}{\addhighpenspace}}%
\mkbibnamelast{#1}\isdot
\ifblank{#4}{}{\addlowpenspace\mkbibnameaffix{#4}\isdot}%
\ifblank{#2}{}{\addlowpenspace\mkbibnamefirst{#2}}}
{\usebibmacro{name:delim}{#1}%
\usebibmacro{name:hook}{#1}%
\mkbibnamelast{#1}\isdot
\ifblank{#4}{}{\addlowpenspace\mkbibnameaffix{#4}\isdot}%
% \ifblank{#2#3}{}{\addcomma}%
\ifblank{#2}{}{\addlowpenspace\MKbibnamefirst{#2}}%
% \ifblank{#3}{}{\addlowpenspace\mkbibnameprefix{#3}\isdot}
}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{parens}{\mkbibparens{#1}}
\renewbibmacro*{date}{\printtext[parens]{\printdate}}
\renewcommand*{\multilistdelim}{\addslash }
\renewbibmacro*{finentry}{}
\newbibmacro*{S.}{%
\printtext{S.}}
\renewbibmacro*{in:}{%
\printtext{In:%
% \bibstring{In}
\intitlepunct}}
\endinput
cbx 文件
% $Id: verbose-inote.cbx,v 1.7 2011/11/13 19:09:07 lehman stable $
\ProvidesFile{ulm.cbx}
[\abx@cbxid $Id: verbose-inote.cbx,v 1.7 2011/11/13 19:09:07 lehman stable $]
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{labelnumber,sortcites,autocite=inline}
\renewcommand*{\multicitedelim}{\addcomma\space}
\providebool{bbx:subentry}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article,book,collection,inbook,incollection,inproceedings,patent,thesis,unpublished]{title}{#1\addperiod}
\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{journaltitle}{#1}
\DeclareNameAlias{default}{last-first}
\renewcommand{\labelnamepunct}{\addcolon\space}
\AtEveryBibitem{\clearfield{month}}
%\renewbibmacro{in:}{}
\renewcommand*{\finalnamedelim}{%
\ifbibliography% NEW
{\addcomma\space}% NEW
{\ifnumgreater{\value{liststop}}{2}{\finalandcomma}{}%
\addspace\bibstring{and}\space}}
\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{year}{\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{#1\isdot}
\DeclareFieldFormat{entrysetcount}{\mknumalph{#1}}
\newbibmacro*{cite}{%
\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\printfield{prefixnumber}%
\printfield{labelnumber}%
\ifbool{bbx:subentry}
{\printfield{entrysetcount}}
{}}}
\newbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{\multicitedelim}
{\cbx@tempa
\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\printfield[citetitle]{labeltitle}}
{\printnames{labelname}}%
\addspace\bibopenbracket}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}%
\gdef\cbx@tempa{\bibclosebracket\multicitedelim}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\parencite}[\mkbibbrackets]
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcite}[\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcitetext}[\mkbibfootnotetext]
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\smartcite}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\multicitedelim}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\textcite}
{\let\cbx@tempa=\empty
\undef\cbx@lasthash}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{textcite}}
{}
{\usebibmacro{postnote}%
\bibclosebracket}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\supercite}[\mkbibsuperscript]
{\iffieldundef{prenote}
{}
{\BibliographyWarning{Ignoring prenote argument}}%
\iffieldundef{postnote}
{}
{\BibliographyWarning{Ignoring postnote argument}}}
{\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
\usebibmacro{cite}}
{\supercitedelim}
{}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\cites}[\mkbibbrackets]{\cite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\parencites}[\mkbibbrackets]{\parencite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\smartcites}[\iffootnote\mkbibbrackets\mkbibfootnote]{\smartcite}{\multicitedelim}
\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{%
\ifinteger{#1}
{\mkbibordedition{#1}~\printtext{Aufl}}
{#1}}
\renewcommand\mkbibnamelast[1]{\textsc{#1}} %Autor/Editorname in small caps
\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\addspace}
\endinput
梅威瑟：
\documentclass{scrreprt}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[
bibstyle=ulm, citestyle=ulm, maxbibnames=99,
]{biblatex}
\begin{filecontents*}{books.bib}
@ARTICLE{Jager2012a,
author = {J\"ager, M. and Lang, F. and Frasch, K. and Becker, T.},
title = {Schizophrene Psychosen mit bipolarem Verlauf -- Implikationen f\"ur
Nosologie und Therapie},
journal = {Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr},
year = {2012},
volume = {80},
pages = {520--526},
number = {09},
}
@ARTICLE{Jager2012b,
author = {J\"ager, Markus and Lang, Fabian and Frasch, Karel and Becker, Thomas},
title = {Schizophrenie und aggressives Verhalten -- die Bedeutung katatoner
Ph\"anomene},
journal = {Psychiatr Prax},
year = {2012},
volume = {39},
pages = {84--90},
number = {02},
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2012,
author = {F. Lang and M. K\"osters and S. Lang and T. Becker and M. J\"ager},
title = {Psychopathological long-term outcome of schizophrenia -- a review.},
journal = {Acta Psychiatr Scand},
year = {2012},
pages = {173--182},
month = {11},
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2012a,
author = {Lang, F.U. and Klug, R. and Kunath, M. and Palm, C. and Uttner, I.
and J\"ager, M.},
title = {Fr\"uhe Demenz als Leitsyndrom einer Schizophrenie},
journal = {Nervenarzt},
year = {2012},
pages = {1--4},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2013,
author = {Lang, F. U. AND Lang, S. AND Becker, T. AND J\"ager, M.},
title = {Therapieresistente schizophrene Psychosen},
journal = {Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd},
year = {2013},
volume = {3},
pages = {145--149},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\bibliography{books.bib}
\begin{document}
\cite{Jager2012a}
\cite{Jager2012b}
\cite{Lang2012}
\cite{Lang2012a}
\cite{Lang2013}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
我已经阅读了 biblatex 手册，但我唯一找到的是sorting=nyt，但它不起作用，因为我没有使用 biber。
答案1
就像我在第一条评论中说的那样，我在参考书目中添加了一个字母，例如2012 a和2012 b
我通过引入更正的三个 Lang 条目的错误排序sortname={LangX} X是排序号。有了它，sortkey我就必须在我原来的 = 非 MWE 参考书目中定义更多的排序键。
\documentclass{scrreprt}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[
bibstyle=ulm, citestyle=ulm, maxbibnames=99,
]{biblatex}
\begin{filecontents*}{books2.bib }
@ARTICLE{Jager2012a,
author = {J\"ager, M. and Lang, F. and Frasch, K. and Becker, T.},
title = {Schizophrene Psychosen mit bipolarem Verlauf -- Implikationen f\"ur
Nosologie und Therapie},
journal = {Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr},
year = {2012 a},
volume = {80},
pages = {520--526},
number = {09},
}
@ARTICLE{Jager2012b,
author = {J\"ager, Markus and Lang, Fabian and Frasch, Karel and Becker, Thomas},
title = {Schizophrenie und aggressives Verhalten -- die Bedeutung katatoner
Ph\"anomene},
journal = {Psychiatr Prax},
year = {2012 b},
volume = {39},
pages = {84--90},
number = {02},
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2012,
author = {F. Lang and M. K\"osters and S. Lang and T. Becker and M. J\"ager},
title = {Psychopathological long-term outcome of schizophrenia -- a review.},
journal = {Acta Psychiatr Scand},
year = {2012},
pages = {173--182},
month = {11},
sortname = {Lang2}
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2012a,
author = {Lang, F.U. and Klug, R. and Kunath, M. and Palm, C. and Uttner, I.
and J\"ager, M.},
title = {Fr\"uhe Demenz als Leitsyndrom einer Schizophrenie},
journal = {Nervenarzt},
year = {2012},
pages = {1--4},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
sortname = {Lang1}
}
@ARTICLE{Lang2013,
author = {Lang, F. U. AND Lang, S. AND Becker, T. AND J\"ager, M.},
title = {Therapieresistente schizophrene Psychosen},
journal = {Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd},
year = {2013},
volume = {3},
pages = {145--149},
sortname = {Lang3}
}
\end{filecontents*}
\bibliography{books2.bib }
\begin{document}
\cite{Jager2012a}
\cite{Jager2012b}
\cite{Lang2012}
\cite{Lang2012a}
\cite{Lang2013}
\printbibliography
\end{document}