TikZ 和 PSTricks 之间的虚线不同：
PSTricks 提供关于中点的对称性，并保证每端都有完整的破折号。钾Z 可以配置为实现这一点吗？（默认情况下，TikZ 不提供中点对称，并且会截断最后一条破折号。）
生产上述样品的乳胶：
\documentclass[11pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pst-node}
\newcommand{\bookend}{{\color{blue}\rule{1pt}{1ex}}}
\newcommand{\tikzdash}[1]{\bookend\tikz[baseline=-.5ex,ultra thick]{\draw[line width=2pt,dash pattern=on 4pt off 2pt] (0,0) -- (#1,0);}\bookend}
\newcommand{\pstricksdash}[1]{\bookend\rnode{a}{\rule{0ex}{1ex}}\hspace{#1}\rnode{b}{\rule{0ex}{1ex}}\ncline[linewidth=2pt,linestyle=dashed,dash=4pt 2pt]{a}{b}\bookend}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\begin{tabular}{l}
\\
Ti\emph{k}Z \\[1ex]
\tikzdash{30pt} \\
\tikzdash{31pt} \\
\tikzdash{32pt} \\
\tikzdash{33pt} \\
\tikzdash{34pt} \\[2ex]
\end{tabular}
&
\begin{tabular}{l}
\\
PSTricks \\[1ex]
\pstricksdash{30pt} \\
\pstricksdash{31pt} \\
\pstricksdash{32pt} \\
\pstricksdash{33pt} \\
\pstricksdash{34pt} \\[2ex]
\end{tabular}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
答案1
编辑：此答案已使用多个版本演变。最后的答案可能是最好的，但无论如何...
在最简单的情况下，当子路径是直线并且其长度已知时，可以使用以下方法：
它不像 PSTricks 那样，但它做的是正确的。使用此方法，虚线之间的间距总是扩大，永远不会缩小，因此可以用小距离获得相当大的距离。
如果on + off > distance - on那么什么也不做。
此外，在这种情况下，需要手动设置图片的边界框，因为 PGF 的最新版本会将图片扩展为包含每条绘制路径的线宽的一半。这可以使用或更简单的方法（如 Paul Gaborit 和 percusse 所建议的）使用和\useasboundingbox键来完成。trim lefttrim right
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{cheating dash/.code args={on #1 off #2 distance #3}{
\pgfmathparse{#3-#1}\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{#1+#2}\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+#2, #2)}\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
\tikzset{dash pattern=on #1 off {\offexpand pt}}%
}}
\newcommand{\bookend}{{\color{blue}\rule{1pt}{1ex}}}
\newcommand{\tikzdash}[1]{%
\bookend%
\tikz[baseline=-.5ex, trim left, trim right=#1]{%
\draw[line width=2pt,cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt distance #1] (0,0) -- (#1,0);}%
\bookend}
\begin{document}
\tikz[y=-7.5pt]
\foreach \i [count=\y from 0] in {10,...,50}
\node [anchor=west, label=west:\tiny\i pt] at (0,\y) {\tikzdash{\i pt}};
\end{document}
一个更通用的方法（在 中使用tikzpicture）采用to path，它不需要提前知道子路径长度，但同样只适用于直线。不幸的是，它更加复杂，因为必须做一些工作，首先是因为对没有锚点的节点（例如\draw (A) -- (B);）的引用需要额外的计算才能得到边界上的点，其次是因为它们to paths（某种程度上）是单独构建的，然后被带入主图。
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{cheating dash to/.style args={on #1 off #2}{%
to path={
\pgfextra{
\pgf@process{%
% Scan \tikztostart
\tikz@scan@one@point\pgfutil@firstofone(\tikztostart)%
% Make correction if the node border point needs to be calculated
\iftikz@shapeborder%
\pgf@process{\pgfpointshapeborder{\tikz@shapeborder@name}{\tikz@scan@one@point\pgfutil@firstofone(\tikztotarget)}}%
\fi%
}%
\edef\tikztostart{\the\pgf@x,\the\pgf@y}%
\pgf@xa=\pgf@x%
\pgf@ya=\pgf@y%
\pgf@process{%
% Do the same for \tikztotarget
\tikz@scan@one@point\pgfutil@firstofone(\tikztotarget)%
\iftikz@shapeborder%
\pgf@process{\pgfpointshapeborder{\tikz@shapeborder@name}{\tikz@scan@one@point\pgfutil@firstofone(\tikztostart)}}%
\fi%
}%
\edef\tikztotarget{\the\pgf@x,\the\pgf@y}%
\advance\pgf@x by-\pgf@xa%
\advance\pgf@y by-\pgf@ya%
% \pgf@x and \pgf@y now contain the path vector
\pgfmathveclen{\the\pgf@x}{\the\pgf@y}%
% Same calculations as before
\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult-#1}\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{#1+#2}\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+#2, #2)}\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
}
(\tikztostart) -- (\tikztotarget)
\pgfextra{%
% Have to do this here.
\edef\tmp@dash{[dash pattern=on #1 off {\offexpand pt}]}%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\tikz@after@path%
\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\tikz@after@path\tmp@dash}%
}%
}
}
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw}]
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw (0,\i) to [cheating dash to=on 4pt off 2pt] (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\node [rectangle] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw (A-\i) to [cheating dash to=on 4pt off 2pt] (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\node [shape=star, inner sep=0pt] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\node [shape=circle] at (5, \i) (B-\i) {$B_\i$};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw (A-\i) to [cheating dash to=on 4pt off 2pt] (B-\j);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
虽然我不认为装饰在所有情况下都能提供足够的准确性，但根据 Qrrbrbirlbel 和 Jake 的建议，以下方法似乎有效。请注意，cheating dash作为预操作应用。这是因为装饰使用\pgfsetdash并且持续到当前范围的结束（即超出应用路径的末尾）；预操作在单独的范围内应用，但必须使用键将颜色和线宽等选项传递给预操作cheating dash。
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\pgfdeclaredecoration{cheating dash}{start}{
\state{start}[width=\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance, persistent precomputation={
\let\on=\pgfdecorationsegmentlength%
\let\off=\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude%
\pgfmathparse{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance-\on}\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{\on+\off}\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+\off, \off)}\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfsetdash{{\on}{\offexpand}}{0pt}%
}]{\pgfsetpath\pgfdecoratedpath}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw},
cheating dash/.style args={on #1 off #2 with #3}{
preaction={decoration={cheating dash, segment length=#1, amplitude=#2}, decorate, draw, #3}
}]
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\path [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt with {}] (0,\i) .. controls ++(0,1) and ++(0,-1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\node [rectangle] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\path [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt with {blue}] (A-\i) .. controls ++(45:1) and ++(225:1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\node [shape=star, inner sep=0pt] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\node [shape=circle] at (5, \i) (B-\i) {$B_\i$};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\path [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt with {red}] (A-\i) .. controls ++(-45+\j*10:1) and ++(235-\i*10:1) .. (B-\j);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
好的，这是最终版本，根据 percusse 的评论，这是一个不需要 的版本preaction。我不喜欢这种全局分配，但这是我目前看到的唯一可以做到的方法。结果与上图相同：
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\pgfdeclaredecoration{cheating dash}{start}{
\state{start}[width=\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance, persistent precomputation={
\let\on=\pgfdecorationsegmentlength%
\let\off=\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude%
\pgfmathparse{\pgfdecoratedremainingdistance-\on}\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{\on+\off}\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+\off, \off)}\global\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
}]{\pgfsetpath\pgfdecoratedpath}
}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
cheating dash/.code args={on #1 off #2}{
\tikzset{decoration={cheating dash, segment length=#1, amplitude=#2}, decorate}%
% Use csname so catcode of @ doesn't have do be changed.
\csname tikz@addoption\endcsname{\pgfsetdash{{#1}{\offexpand}}{0pt}}%
}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw}]
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt] (0,\i) .. controls ++(0,1) and ++(0,-1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\node [rectangle] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt, blue] (A-\i) .. controls ++(45:1) and ++(225:1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\node [shape=star, inner sep=0pt] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\node [shape=circle] at (5, \i) (B-\i) {$B_\i$};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [cheating dash=on 4pt off 2pt, red] (A-\i) .. controls ++(-45+\j*10:1) and ++(235-\i*10:1) .. (B-\j);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
实际上，这里还有另一种样式定义cheating dash，它侵入装饰代码，而实际上并不创建装饰。它的使用方式与上一个代码相同。
\tikzset{
cheating dash/.code args={on #1 off #2}{
% Use csname so catcode of @ doesn't have do be changed.
\csname tikz@addoption\endcsname{%
\pgfgetpath\currentpath%
\pgfprocessround{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\csname pgf@decorate@parsesoftpath\endcsname{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\pgfmathparse{\csname pgf@decorate@totalpathlength\endcsname-#1}\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{#1+#2}\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+#2, #2)}\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfsetdash{{#1}{\offexpand}}{0pt}}%
}
}
答案2
根据@Mark的出色回答，这里有一个略有不同的解决方案。它不仅增加了虚线之间的距离，还将整个图案拉伸（缩小或扩大）了一个倍数。恕我直言，这就是PSTricks的做法。
stretch dash为了进行比较，图像左侧显示的是所提供解决方案 () 的结果，右侧显示的是马克提出的解决方案 ( cheating dash)。
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\makeatletter
% suggested answer: stretching the dash pattern by a factor
\tikzset{%
stretch dash/.code args={on #1 off #2}{%
\tikz@addoption{%
\pgfgetpath\currentpath%
\pgfprocessround{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\pgf@decorate@parsesoftpath{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\pgfmathparse{max(round((\pgf@decorate@totalpathlength-#1)/(#1+#2)),0)}%
\let\npattern=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{\pgf@decorate@totalpathlength/(\npattern*(#1+#2)+#1)}%
\let\spattern=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfsetdash{{\spattern*#1}{\spattern*#2}}{0pt}%
}%
}%
}
% last version of @Mark Wibrow
\tikzset{
cheating dash/.code args={on #1 off #2}{
\tikz@addoption{%
\pgfgetpath\currentpath%
\pgfprocessround{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\pgf@decorate@parsesoftpath{\currentpath}{\currentpath}%
\pgfmathparse{\pgf@decorate@totalpathlength-#1}%
\let\rest=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{#1+#2}%
\let\onoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max(floor(\rest/\onoff), 1)}%
\let\nfullonoff=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfmathparse{max((\rest-\onoff*\nfullonoff)/\nfullonoff+#2,#2)}%
\let\offexpand=\pgfmathresult%
\pgfsetdash{{#1}{\offexpand}}{0pt}%
}%
}%
}
\makeatother
% comparison based on the examples of @Mark Wibrow
\newcommand{\bookend}{{\color{blue}\rule{1pt}{1ex}}}
\newcommand{\tikzdash}[2]{%
\bookend%
\tikz[baseline=-.5ex, trim left, trim right=#1]{%
\draw[line width=2pt,#2] (0,0) --
(#1,0);}%
\bookend}
\newcommand*\dashtest[1]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[y=-7.5pt]
\node at (0,30pt) {\tiny\texttt{#1}};
\foreach \i [count=\y from 0] in {1,...,50}
\node [anchor=west, label=west:\tiny\i pt] at (0,\y)
{\tikzdash{\i pt}{#1}};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\newcommand*\shapetest[1]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw}]
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [#1] (0,\i) .. controls ++(0,1) and
++(0,-1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\node [rectangle] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [#1, blue] (A-\i) .. controls ++(45:1)
and ++(225:1) .. (5, \j);
\tikzset{yshift=-5cm}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
\node [shape=star, inner sep=0pt] at (0, \i) (A-\i) {$A_\i$};
\node [shape=circle] at (5, \i) (B-\i) {$B_\i$};
}
\foreach \i in {1,...,5}
\foreach \j in {1,...,5}
\draw [#1, red] (A-\i) .. controls
++(-45+\j*10:1) and ++(235-\i*10:1) .. (B-\j);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\begin{document}
\shapetest{stretch dash=on 10pt off 3pt}
\dashtest{stretch dash=on 10pt off 3pt}
\dashtest{cheating dash=on 10pt off 3pt}
\shapetest{cheating dash=on 10pt off 3pt}
\end{document}
