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绘制逼真的 3D 晶体结构（钻石）

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绘制逼真的 3D 晶体结构（钻石）

我想画一个逼真的 3D 晶体结构，例如钻石。我最难的地方是画出连接的 3D 棒。

期望结果

最后它应该描述钻石的立方体晶胞，例如像下面的图片相变与复杂性质研究组。金刚石立方体

评论

例子

以下是一个pstricks例子：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{pst-solides3d}

\begin{document}
 \begin{pspicture}(-4,-4)(14,14)
  \psSolid[object=cylindre, h=6, r=1, fillcolor=yellow](0,0,0)
  \psSolid[object=sphere, r=2, fillcolor=red!25](0,0,0)
  \psSolid[object=sphere, r=2, fillcolor=red!25](0,0,6)
 \end{pspicture}
\end{document}

结果：

答案1

由于您添加了asymptote标签，我认为您不会反对 Asymptote 解决方案：

%process:
% pdflatex filename.tex
% asy filename-*.asy
% pdflatex filename.tex
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{asymptote}
\begin{document}
\begin{asy}
import three;
settings.render=8;
settings.prc=false;
size(10cm);

currentprojection = orthographic((3,4,5));

material spherecolor = material(diffusepen=black, ambientpen=gray(0.1), specularpen=white);
material cylcolor = material(diffusepen=white, ambientpen=white);

real cylRadius = 0.1;
real sphereRadius = 0.2;

void drawRod(triple a, triple b) {
  surface rod = extrude(scale(cylRadius)*unitcircle, axis=length(b-a)*Z);
  triple orthovector = cross(Z, b-a);
  if (length(orthovector) > .01) {
    real angle = aCos(dot(Z, b-a) / length(b-a));
    rod = rotate(angle, orthovector) * rod;
  }
  draw(shift(a)*rod, surfacepen=cylcolor);
}

void drawSphere(triple center) {
     draw(shift(center)*scale3(sphereRadius)*unitsphere, surfacepen=spherecolor);
}

triple a = O;
triple b = X;
triple c = 2Z;

drawSphere(a);
drawSphere(b);
drawSphere(c);
drawRod(a,b);
drawRod(b,c);
\end{asy}
\end{document}

给出输出

答案2

根据 Charles Staats 的回答中的提示，我写了明确的代码asymptote（开发者页面）。

所得图像 - 金刚石晶胞

在此处输入图片描述

带有渐近线代码的 Latex 文件

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{asymptote}

\begin{document}
\begin{asy}
import three;
settings.render=8;
settings.prc=false;
size(10cm);

//currentprojection=perspective((45,45,30));
currentprojection = orthographic((3,6,1));

material sphereCcolor = material(diffusepen=black, ambientpen=gray(0.1), specularpen=white);
material cylcolor = material(diffusepen=white, ambientpen=white);

real cylRadius = 0.1;
real sphereRadius = 0.25;

void drawRod(triple a, triple b) {
  surface rod = extrude(scale(cylRadius)*unitcircle, axis=length(b-a)*Z);
  triple orthovector = cross(Z, b-a);
  if (length(orthovector) > .01) {
    real angle = aCos(dot(Z, b-a) / length(b-a));
    rod = rotate(angle, orthovector) * rod;
  }
  draw(shift(a)*rod, surfacepen=cylcolor);
}

void drawCarbon(triple center) {
     draw(shift(center)*scale3(sphereRadius)*unitsphere, surfacepen=sphereCcolor);
}

triple Aa = (0,0,0);
triple Ab = 4X;
triple Ac = 4Y;
triple Ad = 4X+4Y;
triple Ae = 2X+2Y;
triple Ba = 1X+1Y+1Z;
triple Bb = 3X+3Y+1Z;
triple Ca = 2X+2Z;
triple Cb = 2Y+2Z;
triple Cc = 4X+2Y+2Z;
triple Cd = 2X+4Y+2Z;
triple Da = 3X+1Y+3Z;
triple Db = 1X+3Y+3Z;
triple Ea = 4Z;
triple Eb = 4X+4Z;
triple Ec = 4Y+4Z;
triple Ed = 4X+4Y+4Z;
triple Ee = 2X+2Y+4Z;

drawRod(Ba,Aa);
drawRod(Ba,Ae);
drawRod(Bb,Ae);
drawRod(Bb,Ad);
drawRod(Ba,Ca);
drawRod(Ba,Cb);
drawRod(Bb,Cc);
drawRod(Bb,Cd);
drawRod(Da,Ca);
drawRod(Da,Cc);
drawRod(Db,Cb);
drawRod(Db,Cd);
drawRod(Da,Eb);
drawRod(Da,Ee);
drawRod(Db,Ee);
drawRod(Db,Ec);

drawCarbon(Aa);
drawCarbon(Ab);
drawCarbon(Ac);
drawCarbon(Ad);
drawCarbon(Ae);
drawCarbon(Ba);
drawCarbon(Bb);
drawCarbon(Ca);
drawCarbon(Cb);
drawCarbon(Cc);
drawCarbon(Cd);
drawCarbon(Da);
drawCarbon(Db);
drawCarbon(Ea);
drawCarbon(Eb);
drawCarbon(Ec);
drawCarbon(Ed);
drawCarbon(Ee);

// Frame
material framecolor = material(diffusepen=white, ambientpen=yellow);
void drawFrame(triple a, triple b) {
  surface rod = extrude(scale(.5*cylRadius)*unitcircle, axis=length(b-a)*Z);
  triple orthovector = cross(Z, b-a);
  if (length(orthovector) > .01) {
    real angle = aCos(dot(Z, b-a) / length(b-a));
    rod = rotate(angle, orthovector) * rod;
  }
  draw(shift(a)*rod, surfacepen=framecolor);
  draw(shift(b)*scale3(cylRadius)*unitsphere, surfacepen=framecolor);
}
drawFrame((0,0,0),4X);
drawFrame((0,0,0),4Y);
drawFrame((0,0,0),4Z);
drawFrame(4X,4X+4Y);
drawFrame(4X,4X+4Z);
drawFrame(4Y,4Y+4X);
drawFrame(4Y,4Y+4Z);
drawFrame(4Z,4X+4Z);
drawFrame(4Z,4Y+4Z);
drawFrame(4X+4Y+4Z,4Y+4Z);
drawFrame(4X+4Z,4X+4Y+4Z);
drawFrame(4X+4Y,4X+4Y+4Z);
\end{asy}
\end{document}

答案3

您想要隐藏的线和表面，这就是为什么您必须通过一个重要的名称收集所有对象然后构建一个融合对象的原因：

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{pst-solides3d}

\psset{lightsrc=viewpoint,viewpoint=80 10 10 rtp2xyz,Decran=40}
\begin{document}
 \begin{pspicture}[solidmemory](-4,-4)(14,14)
  \psset{object=sphere,r=2,fillcolor=red!25,action=none}
  \psSolid[object=cylindre,h=6,r=0.5,fillcolor=yellow,name=C](0,0,0)
  \psSolid[name=S1](0,0,0)
  \psSolid[name=S2](0,0,6)
  \psSolid[name=S3](0,6,6)
  \defFunction[algebraic]{FIV}(t){0}{t}{t}% x(t)=0, y(t)=t, z(t)=t
  \psSolid[object=courbe,range=0 6,ngrid=16 16,function=FIV,r=0.5,
           fillcolor=black!20,name=L1]
%
  \psSolid[object=fusion,base=C S1 S2 S3 L1,linewidth=0.2pt,action=draw**]  
 \end{pspicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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