我正在使用该包格布注释我的语言示例。它很好地将原始语言中的单词与其注释对齐。但这种对齐不会超出注释的第一行。如果我想用多种语言注释单词，则第一行注释之外不会有任何对齐。我该如何强制执行这种对齐？
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{gb4e}
\begin{document}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\gll gef hundinum matinn\\
gje hunden maten\\
give {the dog} {the food}\\
gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}\\
\end{exe}
\end{document}
答案1
cgloss4e由 加载的包能够gb4e使用\glll（注意额外的l）宏自动解释具有两行注释的示例：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{gb4e}
\begin{document}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\glll gef hundinum matinn\\
give {the dog} {the food}\\
gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}\\
\end{exe}
\end{document}
但是，对于您的示例，您还需要一行注释，而该包实际上并不是为此设计的。但添加相关代码并不难。在这里，我创建了一个\gliv命令来引入一个带有 3 行额外注释的示例。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{gb4e}
\makeatletter
\newbox\linefour
\newbox\wordfour
\def\gliv% % Introduces 4-line text-and-gloss.
{\begin{flushleft}
\ifx\@gsingle1%
\vskip\baselineskip\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\@selfnt\vskip-\baselineskip\fi%
\bgroup
\foursent
}
\@ifundefined{eachwordfour}{\let\eachwordfour=\rmfamily}{\relax}
\gdef\foursent#1\\ #2\\ #3\\ #4\\{% #1 = first line, #2 = second line, #3 = third, #4 = fourth
\getwords(\lineone,\eachwordone)#1 \\%
\getwords(\linetwo,\eachwordtwo)#2 \\%
\getwords(\linethree,\eachwordthree)#3 \\%
\getwords(\linefour,\eachwordfour)#4 \\%
\loop\lastword{\eachwordone}{\lineone}{\wordone}%
\lastword{\eachwordtwo}{\linetwo}{\wordtwo}%
\lastword{\eachwordthree}{\linethree}{\wordthree}%
\lastword{\eachwordfour}{\linefour}{\wordfour}%
\global\setbox\gline=\hbox{\unhbox\gline
\hskip\glossglue
\vtop{\box\wordone % vtop was vbox
\nointerlineskip
\box\wordtwo
\nointerlineskip
\box\wordthree
\nointerlineskip
\box\wordfour
}%
}%
\testdone
\ifnotdone
\repeat
\egroup % matches \bgroup in \gloss
\gl@stop}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\gliv gef hundinum matinn\\
gje hunden maten\\
give {the dog} {the food}\\
gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}\\
\end{exe}
\end{document}
gb4e或者，你可以使用以下方式将 ExPex 注释句子嵌入到示例中：expex-glossonly软件包中加载了该[gb4e]选项。请参阅这个答案例如 ExPex 光泽。
答案2
可以通过以下方式手动实现此目的tabbing：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{gb4e}
\begin{document}
\begin{exe}
\ex \begin{tabbing}
give \= dem Hunde \= das Essen \kill
gef \> hundinum \> matinn \\
gje \> hunden \> maten\\
give \> the dog \> the food \\
gib \> dem Hunde \> das Essen
\end{tabbing}
\end{exe}
\end{document}
该\kill行包含每种语言翻译中最长的单词，用于标记制表点\=。
答案3
为了完整性，也为了方便不受软件包约束的读者，此功能已内置于 中。它已经定义了 3 个级别的注释（a、b 和 c），您可以定义自己的注释。自定义它们的外观非常简单。在文档中expex详细了解 的注释机制的其他潜力。expex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{expex}
\begin{document}
\ex
\begingl
\gla gef hundinum matinn//
\glb gje hunden maten//
\glb give {the dog} {the food}//
\glb gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}//
\endgl
\xe
\defineglwlevels{english,german}
\lingset{everygla=\bfseries,everyglenglish=\footnotesize,everyglgerman=\ttfamily}
\ex
\begingl
\gla gef hundinum matinn//
\glb gje hunden maten//
\glenglish give {the dog} {the food}//
\glgerman gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}//
\endgl
\xe
\end{document}
答案4
通用 expl3 宏的实验性精简版，\glinlines它将无限数量的行和单词解析为逐字堆叠的单元，再加上最后的无限数量的翻译/注释行。
它可以插入gb4e示例环境（*/标记新行）：
\begin{exe}
\ex
\glinlines{%
gef hundinum matinn
*/ gje hunden maten
*/ give {the dog} {the food}
*/ gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}
}
\end{exe}
对于以 为前缀的项目，可使用用户定义的格式（带开关）.。
平均能量损失
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Noto Serif}
\setsansfont{Noto Sans}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{gb4e}
%-------------------------------------------------------------
\ExplSyntaxOn
% \cs_generate_variant:Nn
% \seq_gset_split:Nnn
% { cno }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn
\seq_gset_split:Nnn
{ coo }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn
\regex_match:nnT
{ nvT }
\tl_new:N \g_fc_namespace_tl
%------------------
%****************************************************
%* procedures
%****************************************************
%------------------
\tl_new:N \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl
\tl_new:N \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl
\int_new:N \g__gloss_clausecount_int
\int_new:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_int
\tl_new:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl
\int_new:N \g__gloss_basenamecount_int
\int_new:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
\tl_new:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_tl
\int_new:N \g__gloss_wordloop_int
\tl_new:N \g__gloss_wordloop_tl
\int_new:N \g__gloss_maxlinecount_int
\int_new:N \g__gloss_maxwordcount_int
\bool_new:N \g__gloss_vpar_bool
\int_new:N \g__gloss_vpar_int
%------------------
\cs_set:Npn \gl_functexttrans:n #1 {
\tex_space:D
\\
\seq_item:cn
{ g_gloss_glossglosses \int_use:N \g__gloss_maxlinecount_int _seq }
{ #1 }
}
%------------------
\cs_set:Npn \gl_funcboxall:nnnn #1#2#3#4 {
% 1=from seq base name
% 2=base name loop start
% 3=base name loop finish
% 4=words seq 1 (words to box)
% outer loop
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenamecount_int
{
#3
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
{ #2 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_basenameloop_int } > { \g__gloss_basenamecount_int }
{
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_fromseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
}
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
#4
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clausecount_int
{
\seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
}
% loop start
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_wordloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_wordloop_int } > { \seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq } }
{
%---
\int_compare:nNnT
{ \g__gloss_wordloop_int } > { \g__gloss_maxwordcount_int }
{
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_maxwordcount_int
{ \g__gloss_wordloop_int }
}
%---
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_wordloop_tl
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_wordloop_int }
\cs_if_free:cT
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl\g__gloss_wordloop_tl _box }
{ \box_new:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl\g__gloss_wordloop_tl _box }
}
\tl_set:Nx
\l_tmpc_tl
{
\seq_item:cn
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_wordloop_int }
}
%vvv
% .text > .{\mfsposformat text}
\regex_replace_all:nnN
{ (\.)(\w+) }
{ \1 \cB\{ \c{mfsposformat} \2 \cE\} }
\l_tmpc_tl
% :command; > \command
\regex_replace_all:nnN
{ (\:)(\w+)(;) }
{ \c{\2} }
\l_tmpc_tl
% :command > \command
\regex_replace_all:nnN
{ (\:)(\w+) }
{ \c{\2} }
\l_tmpc_tl
\regex_match:nvT
{ \+ }
{ l_tmpc_tl }
{ \int_set_eq:NN
\g__gloss_vpar_int
\g__gloss_wordloop_int }
\regex_replace_all:nnN
{ \+ }
{ }
\l_tmpc_tl
\hbox_gset:cn
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl\g__gloss_wordloop_tl _box }
{
\tl_use:N
\l_tmpc_tl
}
%============================
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_wordloop_int
} % loop finish
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
} % outer loop finish
%+++++++++++++++++++++++++
% stack the boxes
\tex_space:D %=
%\int_set:Nn \g__gloss_vpar_int { 0 }
% outer loop
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_wordloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_wordloop_int } > { \seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq } }
{
% loop start
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenamecount_int
{
#3
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
{ #2 }
\vbox_set_top:Nn
\l__vpair_box
{ %^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_basenameloop_int } > { \g__gloss_basenamecount_int }
{
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_fromseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
}
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
#4
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clausecount_int
{
\seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
}
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_wordloop_tl
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_wordloop_int }
\box_use:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl\g__gloss_wordloop_tl _box }
%============================
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
} % loop finish
} %^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\hbox_set:Nn
\l__hunit_box
{
\box_use:N %=
\l__vpair_box
}
\box_use:N %=
\l__hunit_box
\int_compare:nNnTF
{ \g__gloss_vpar_int } = { \g__gloss_wordloop_int }
{
\\
\int_set:Nn \g__gloss_vpar_int { 0 }
}
{
\tex_space:D %=
\tex_space:D %=
}
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_wordloop_int
} % outer loop finish
\int_compare:nNnT
{ \seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_glossglosses \int_use:N \g__gloss_maxlinecount_int _seq }
} > { 1 }
{
\smallskip
\int_step_function:nnnN
{ 2 }
{ 1 }
{ \seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_glossglosses \int_use:N \g__gloss_maxlinecount_int _seq } }
\gl_functexttrans:n
}
}
%------------------
\cs_set:Npn \gl_funcsplitloopseq:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5 {
% 1=from seq base name
% 2=base name loop start
% 3=base name loop finish
% 4=by what
% 5=into seq
% outer loop
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenamecount_int
{
#3
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
{ #2 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_basenameloop_int } > { \g__gloss_basenamecount_int }
{
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_fromseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
}
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl
{
#1
\int_use:N \g__gloss_basenameloop_int
#5
}
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clausecount_int
{
\seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl _seq }
}
% loop start
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_clauseloop_int } > { \g__gloss_clausecount_int }
{
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_clauseloop_tl
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_int }
\cs_if_free:cT
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
{ \seq_new:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
}
\seq_gclear:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
\exp_args:Nnnx
\seq_gset_split:coo
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
{ #4 } % separator
{
\seq_item:cn
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl _seq }
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_int }
}
%--------------------------------
%============================
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
} % loop finish
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_basenameloop_int
} % outer loop finish
}
%------------------
\cs_set:Npn \gl_funcsplitseq:nnn #1#2#3 {
% 1=from seq
% 2=by what
% 3=into seq
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl { #1 }
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl { #3 }
%\tl_show:N \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl
%\tl_show:N \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clausecount_int
{
\seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl _seq }
}
% loop start
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
{ 1 }
\int_do_until:nNnn
{ \g__gloss_clauseloop_int } > { \g__gloss_clausecount_int }
{
\tl_set:Nx
\g__gloss_clauseloop_tl
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_int }
\cs_if_free:cT
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
{ \seq_new:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
}
\seq_gclear:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
\exp_args:Nnnx
\seq_gset_split:coo
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl \g__gloss_clauseloop_tl _seq }
{ #2 }
{
\seq_item:cn
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_fromseqname_tl _seq }
{ \int_use:N \g__gloss_clauseloop_int }
}
\int_incr:N
\g__gloss_clauseloop_int
} % loop finish
}
%------------------
\cs_set:Npn \gl_funcsplit:nnn #1#2#3 {
% 1=into seq
% 2=what
% 3=by what
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl { #1 }
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqwhat_tl { #2 }
\tl_set:Nx \g__gloss_intoseqbywhat_tl { #3 }
\cs_if_free:cT
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
{ \seq_new:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
}
\seq_gclear:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
% \exp_args:Nnnx
\seq_gset_split:coo
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
{ #3 }
{ #2 }
\int_set:Nn
\g__gloss_maxlinecount_int
{
\seq_count:c
{ g_gloss_ \g_fc_namespace_tl \g__gloss_intoseqname_tl _seq }
}
}
%****************************************************
%* main commands
%****************************************************
%--------------------
\NewDocumentCommand { \glinlinesbase } { o m m +m } {
% 1=namespace
% 2=seq
% 3=sep
% 4=data
\IfNoValueTF { #1 }
{ \tl_clear:N \g_fc_namespace_tl }
{ \tl_gset:Nn \g_fc_namespace_tl { #1 } }
\int_set:Nn \g__gloss_maxlinecount_int { 0 }
% split into input lines
\gl_funcsplit:nnn {#2inlines}{#4}{#3}
% 1=into seq
% 2=what
% 3=by what
\gl_funcsplitseq:nnn
{#2inlines}
{glt}
{glosses}
\gl_funcsplitloopseq:nnnnn
{glosses}
{1}
{
\int_use:N
\g__gloss_maxlinecount_int
}
{~}
{words}
\int_set:Nn \g__gloss_maxwordcount_int { 0 }
\gl_funcboxall:nnnn
{glosses}
{1}
{
\int_use:N
\g__gloss_maxlinecount_int
}
{words1}
}
%--------------------
\NewDocumentCommand { \glinlines } { +m } {
% 1==data
\glinlinesbase[gloss]{ex2a}{*/}{#1}
}
\box_new:N \l__vpair_box
\box_new:N \l__hunit_box
%--------------------
\NewDocumentCommand { \mfsposformat } { } {
\scshape\color{blue}
}
%--------------------
\NewDocumentCommand { \mfssetposformat } { m } {
\renewcommand{\mfsposformat}{#1}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\glinlines{% end-of-line counts as an extra space
gef hundinum matinn
*/ gje hunden maten
*/ give {the dog} {the food}
*/ gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}
}
\end{exe}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\glinlines{% end-of-line counts as an extra space
gef hundinum matinn
*/ give.tense hound.case meat.case
*/ gje hunden maten
*/ give {the dog} {the food}
*/ .vrb {.art .noun} {.art .noun}
*/ .cmd .subj .obj
*/ gib {dem Hunde} {das Essen}
glt One of the daily chores.
glt Multiple translation/note lines.
glt Formal literal colloquial idiom
glt A note
}
\end{exe}
\mfssetposformat{\scshape\bfseries\sffamily}
\begin{exe}
\ex
\glinlines{%
kma t'-əlčqu-(ɣ)in
*/ .1sg .1sg.sub-see-.2sg.obj
glt `I saw you.' (S1:71)
}
\end{exe}
\end{document}
它使用 expl3 序列来存储和分割文本。