经过几个小时的调试，我终于发现我的书目最后一页的页眉通过文本中的间距进行了更改。现在我的世界已经天翻地覆了。
请看一下这个正确的例如。\begin{spacing}和都\end{spacing}被注释掉了：
\documentclass[12pt, a4paper, 单面, 单列]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{%
\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{%
\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % space for the rule
\newcommand{\plainplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[LO]{}
\fancyhead[RE]{}
}}
\newcommand{\myplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
}}
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\usepackage{lipsum, filecontents}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\pagenumbering{Roman}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\listoffigures
\clearpage
\listoftables
\clearpage
\mainmatter % implies arabic pagenumbering
\myplain
\pagestyle{plain}
% \begin{spacing}{1.5}
\chapter{Introduction}
\lipsum[1-7]
\section{New Section}
\lipsum[8-14]
\clearpage
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\backmatter
\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{5}
\nocite{mybook1}
\nocite{mybook2}
\nocite{mybook3}
\nocite{mybook5}
\nocite{mybook6}
\nocite{mybook7}
\nocite{mybook8}
\nocite{mybook10}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{filecontents}{bibliography.bib}
@book{mybook1,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook2,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook3,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook4,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook5,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook6,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook7,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook8,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook9,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook10,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
\end{filecontents}
\bibliography{bibliography}
% \end{spacing}
\end{document}
请注意，右上角只有一个小的罗马页码；这同样适用于前面的参考书目页面。
这是我使用空格的错误版本；只剩下两行（\begin{spacing}和\end{spacing}）：
\documentclass[12pt, a4paper, oneside, onecolumn]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{%
\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{%
\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % space for the rule
\newcommand{\plainplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[LO]{}
\fancyhead[RE]{}
}}
\newcommand{\myplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
}}
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\usepackage{lipsum, filecontents}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\pagenumbering{Roman}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\listoffigures
\clearpage
\listoftables
\clearpage
\mainmatter % implies arabic pagenumbering
\myplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\begin{spacing}{1.5}
\chapter{Introduction}
\lipsum[1-7]
\section{New Section}
\lipsum[8-14]
\clearpage
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\backmatter
\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{5}
\nocite{mybook1}
\nocite{mybook2}
\nocite{mybook3}
\nocite{mybook5}
\nocite{mybook6}
\nocite{mybook7}
\nocite{mybook8}
\nocite{mybook10}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{filecontents}{bibliography.bib}
\documentclass[12pt, a4paper, oneside, onecolumn]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{%
\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{%
\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\addtolength{\headheight}{0.5pt} % space for the rule
\newcommand{\plainplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[LO]{}
\fancyhead[RE]{}
}}
\newcommand{\myplain}{%
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
}}
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\usepackage{lipsum, filecontents}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\pagenumbering{Roman}
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\listoffigures
\clearpage
\listoftables
\clearpage
\mainmatter % implies arabic pagenumbering
\myplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\begin{spacing}{1.5}
\chapter{Introduction}
\lipsum[1-7]
\section{New Section}
\lipsum[8-14]
\clearpage
\plainplain
\pagestyle{plain}
\backmatter
\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{5}
\nocite{mybook1}
\nocite{mybook2}
\nocite{mybook3}
\nocite{mybook5}
\nocite{mybook6}
\nocite{mybook7}
\nocite{mybook8}
\nocite{mybook10}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{filecontents}{bibliography.bib}
@book{mybook1,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook2,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook3,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook4,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook5,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook6,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook7,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook8,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook9,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook10,
title = {\lipsum[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
\end{filecontents}
\bibliography{bibliography}
\end{spacing}
\end{document}
看看错误的结果。它不应该是那样的。另外，参考书目最后一页是唯一错误的页面。所有其他页面都像我正确版本的示例一样。
问题： 为什么间距会改变我的参考书目最后一页的页眉？
答案1
spacing首先，你不应该在整个文档周围使用环境；这必然会带来问题，你发现了其中的一个。使用spacing环境；这必然会带来问题，您已经发现了其中的一个。仅对小段文本使用环境。正确的方法是（假设您必须使用增加的行间空间）来声明\onehalfspacing。
您也不应该多次重新定义普通样式：您可以命名您想要的页面样式数。
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
\usepackage{lipsum, filecontents}
\setlength{\headheight}{14.5pt}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancypagestyle{plainplain}{%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
\fancyhead[LO]{}%
\fancyhead[RE]{}%
}
\fancypagestyle{myplain}{%
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}%
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}%
}
\pagestyle{plainplain}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\mainmatter % implies arabic pagenumbering
\pagestyle{myplain}
\onehalfspacing
\chapter{Introduction}
\lipsum[1-7]
\section{New Section}
\lipsum[8-14]
\cleardoublepage
\backmatter
\pagestyle{plainplain}
\pagenumbering{roman}
\setcounter{page}{5}
\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{mybook1,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook2,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook3,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook4,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook5,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook6,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook7,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook8,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook9,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook10,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
\end{filecontents}
\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}
半行间距是一种印刷错误，在意大利语中我会使用这个词奥布罗布里奥。另外，在后记中恢复罗马数字也没有任何道理（除非这是某些不懂印刷术的官僚机构制定的规定）。
我删除了该oneside选项，否则RE或LO选项就毫无意义了。请注意，仅添加 0.5pt\headheight是不够的（但fancyhdr会告诉您所需的长度）。
如果您不希望在开始章节时重新出现页面样式 plain，并且避免在文档正文中进行明确的声明，则修补相关命令会更容易：
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage[round]{natbib}
\usepackage{lipsum, filecontents}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
% save the last frontmatter page number
\newcounter{savepage} % save the last frontmatter page number
% no plain style at chapter openings
\patchcmd{\chapter}{\thispagestyle{plain}}{}{}{}
% choose a page style for the frontmatter
\apptocmd{\frontmatter}{\pagestyle{frontback}}{}{}
% patch \mainmatter to save the page number and to choose a new page style
\patchcmd{\mainmatter}
{\cleardoublepage}
{\cleardoublepage
\setcounter{savepage}{\value{page}}%
\pagestyle{normal}%
}{}{}
% patch \backmatter to choose a new page style and restore the page number
\apptocmd{\backmatter}
{\pagestyle{frontback}%
\pagenumbering{roman}%
\setcounter{page}{\value{savepage}}%
}{}{}
% set the headheight to a suitable value suggested by fancyhdr
\setlength{\headheight}{14.5pt}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{#1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection\ #1}}
\fancyhf{} % delete current header and footer
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\bfseries\thepage}
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancypagestyle{frontback}{%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}%
\fancyhead[LO]{}%
\fancyhead[RE]{}%
}
\fancypagestyle{normal}{%
\fancyhead[LO]{\bfseries\rightmark}%
\fancyhead[RE]{\bfseries\leftmark}%
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}%
}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\mainmatter % implies arabic pagenumbering
\onehalfspacing
\chapter{Introduction}
\lipsum[1-7]
\section{New Section}
\lipsum[8-14]
\cleardoublepage
\backmatter
\nocite{*}
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{mybook1,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook2,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook3,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook4,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook5,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook6,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook7,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook8,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook9,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
@book{mybook10,
title = {\lipsum*[1]},
author = {myauthor},
year = {2010}
}
\end{filecontents}
\bibliography{\jobname}
\end{document}