我的问题是，我认为我为 Mac 安装了错误的软件包。我显然无法写出 ö、ü、ä，而且不知何故软件包“ \usepackage[applemac]{inputenc}”没有帮助。
我的包裹如下：
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% packages.tex
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% provides used packages
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Language %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\usepackage{babel}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isGerman}}%
{ %% German
\usepackage[english,ngerman]{babel} % wähle Neudeutsch als Erstsprache, Englisch als Zweitsprache (für Trennregeln)
\selectlanguage{ngerman}
}%
{ %% English
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel} % wähle English als Erstsprache, Neudeutsch als Zweitsprache (für Trennregeln)
\selectlanguage{english}
}
\makeatletter
%\makeatother
%%%% General
\usepackage{fixltx2e} % Patches for LaTeX
\usepackage{etex} % An extended version of TeX, from the NTS project
\reserveinserts{28}
\usepackage{morewrites} % Always room for a new write stream
\usepackage{etoolbox} % Tool-box for LaTeX programmers using e-TeX
\usepackage{environ} % A new interface for environments in LaTeX
\usepackage{xparse} % A generic document command parser
\usepackage{xstring} % String manipulation for (La)TeX
%%%% paper geometry
\usepackage{geometry} % Flexible and complete interface to document dimensions
\geometry{
paper=a4paper,
bindingoffset=1.0cm, % gutter
inner=2.0cm, % inside margin
outer=3.0cm, % outside margin
vmargin=2.5cm, % top and bottom margins
marginparsep=0.5cm,
marginparwidth=2.0cm,
}
\usepackage{mparhack} % Work around a LaTeX bug in marginpars
\usepackage{calc} % Simple arithmetic in LaTeX commands
%%%% input & text, appearance encoding
%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Accept different input encodings
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Standard package for selecting font encodings
\usepackage{lmodern} % alternative Computer Modern-fonts for computer screens
\usepackage{textcomp} % LaTeX support for the Text Companion fonts
\usepackage{xspace} % Define commands that appear not to eat spaces
%%%% Graphics
\usepackage{graphicx} % Enhanced support for graphics
\usepackage{xcolor}
%%% PGF % TikZ
\usepackage{tikz} % pgf-tikz
\usepackage{hf-tikz} % A simple way to highlight formulas and formula parts
\usepackage{pgfplots} % Create normal/logarithmic plots in two and three dimensions
\usepackage{pgfplotstable} % Loads, rounds, formats and postprocesses numerical tables
%\usepackage{pgfkeyx} % Extended and more robust version of pgfkeys
\pgfplotsset{%
compat=newest,
table/col sep=semicolon, % use semicolon as column seperator in input data (CSV)
width=\textwidth % make tikzpictures as big as possible
}
\usetikzlibrary{
external,
calc,
cd,
arrows
}
\ifthenelse{\boolean{isGerman}}%
{ %% German
\pgfkeys{
/pgf/number format/.cd,
set decimal separator={,},
set thousands separator={\,},
min exponent for 1000 sep=4,
}
}%
{ %% English
\pgfkeys{
/pgf/number format/.cd,
set decimal separator={.},
set thousands separator={\,},
min exponent for 1000 sep=4,
}
}
% use pgf librarys
\usepgfplotslibrary{external}
\tikzsetexternalprefix{figures/}
\tikzexternalize[%
shell escape=-enable-write18, % swich externalization on/off
%up to date check=md5, % default
%mode=list and make, % only with makefile
%force remake=1 % remake all pictures
]
%%%% Math typesetting
\usepackage{amsmath} % AMS mathematical facilities for LaTeX
\usepackage{amsfonts} % TeX fonts from the American Mathematical Society
\usepackage{amssymb} % pre-defined math symbols
\usepackage{amsthm} % Typesetting theorems (AMS style)
\usepackage{mathtools} % Mathematical tools to use with amsmath
\mathtoolsset{
showonlyrefs=true,
showmanualtags=true
}
%\usepackage{breqn} % Automatic line breaking of displayed equations
\usepackage{bbm} % "Blackboard-style" cm fonts
\usepackage{bm} % Access bold symbols in maths mode
\usepackage{upgreek} % Upright Greek letters
\usepackage{siunitx} % A comprehensive (SI) units package
\sisetup{
output-decimal-marker = {,},
per-mode = symbol,
}
%%%% enhance functionality
%\usepackage{enumerate} % Enumerate with redefinable labels
\usepackage[
shortlabels% compatibility with \usepackage{enumerate}, which is now obsolete
]{enumitem} % Control layout of itemize, enumerate, description
\setlist[enumerate]{
align=left, %parleft
leftmargin=*,
%rightmargin=0pt,
listparindent=\parindent,
%labelwidth=0pt,
%labelsep=0pt,
itemindent=0pt%
}
\usepackage{float} % Improved interface for floating objects
\usepackage{lineno} % Line numbers on paragraphs
\usepackage{pdfpages} % Include PDF documents in LaTeX
\usepackage{caption} % Customising captions in floating environments
\usepackage[stable]{footmisc} % A range of footnote options
\usepackage{subcaption} % Support for sub-captions
\usepackage{relsize} % Set the font size relative to the current font size
\usepackage{chngcntr} % Change the resetting of counters
\counterwithout{footnote}{chapter}
\usepackage{aliascnt} % Alias counters
%%%% Table
\usepackage{rotating} % Rotation tools, including rotated full-page floats
\usepackage{multirow} % Create tabular cells spanning multiple rows
\usepackage{booktabs} % Publication quality tables in LATEX
%\usepackage{array} % Extending the array and tabular environments
\usepackage{colortbl} % Add colour to LATEX tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25} % set row spacing in tables
%%%% Miscelangelous
%\usepackage{siunitx} % A comprehensive (SI) units package
%\sisetup{
%output-decimal-marker = {,},
%per-mode = symbol,
%}
\usepackage{listings} % Quellcode einbinden und formatieren
\renewcommand{\lstlistlistingname}{List of Code} % default: List of Listings
%\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,.5,0}
\definecolor{darkviolett}{rgb}{.5,0,.5}
\newlength\charlength
\setlength{\charlength}{\widthof{\texttt{X}}}
\newlength\listingnumberwidth
\setlength\listingnumberwidth{\widthof{00} + 1em} % \widthof{00} means 2 digit numbers
\lstset{
language=R, % oder C++, Pascal, {[77]Fortran}, ...
numbers=left, % Position der Zeilennummerierung
firstnumber=auto, % Erste Zeilennummer
basicstyle=\ttfamily\small, % Textgröße des Standardtexts
keywordstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue}, % Formattierung Schlüsselwörter
commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{gray}, % Formattierung Kommentar
stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{purple}, % Formattierung Strings
%keywordstyle=\ttfamily\color{black},
%commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{black},
%stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{black},
numberstyle=\tiny, % Textgröße der Zeilennummern
stepnumber=1, % Angezeigte Zeilennummern
numbersep=1em, % Abstand zw. Zeilennummern und Code
aboveskip=\bigskipamount, % Abstand oberhalb des Codes
belowskip=\bigskipamount, % Abstand unterhalb des Codes
captionpos=b, % Position der √úberschrift
linewidth=\textwidth, % TODO \textwidth-2em
xleftmargin=\listingnumberwidth, % Linke Einrückung
xrightmargin=4pt, % Rechte Einrückung
frame=single, % Rahmentyp
breaklines=true, % Umbruch langer Zeilen
breakatwhitespace=true, % If true, it allows line breaks only at white space
showstringspaces=false, % Spezielles Zeichen für Leerzeichen
breakindent=8\charlength, % is the indention of the second, third, . . . line of broken lines.
tabsize=2
}
%%%% Index
%\usepackage{multind} % Multiple indexes in LaTeX documents
%\makeindex{a}
\usepackage{makeidx} % Standard LaTeX package for creating indexes
\makeindex
\let\origindex\index
%\renewcommand*{\index}[1]{\marginpar{#1}\origindex{#1}}
%\renewcommand*{\index}[1]{#1\origindex{#1}}
%%%% Nomenclature (List of Symbols and Abbreviations)
\usepackage[
%norefpage, % default
refpage,
norefeq, % default
%refeq
]{nomencl} % Produce lists of symbols as in nomenclature
\makenomenclature
%%%% Acronym
%\usepackage{acronym} % Expand acronyms at least once
%%%% Bibliography
\usepackage[
backend=bibtex8, %bibtex, %biber, %bibtex8,
bibencoding=auto,
sorting=nyvt,
natbib=true,
url=false,
doi=false,
eprint=true
]{biblatex} % Bibliographies in LaTeX using BibTeX for sorting only
\addbibresource{./bib/thesis.bib}
%\usepackage{doi} % Create correct hyperlinks for DOI numbers
\usepackage{csquotes} % Context sensitive quotation facilities
%%%% Creative Commons
\usepackage[
scale=1
]{ccicons} % LaTeX support for Creative Commons icons
\usepackage{cclicenses} % Typeset Creative Commons licence logos
%%%% PDF/A PDF/X support
%\usepackage{pdfx} % PDF/X-1a and PDF/A-1b support for pdfTEX
%\input{./licence/pdfa-supp}
%\includexmp{./licence/cc-by-nc-sa_Diss}
%%%% PDF
%\input{./latex/pdf.tex}
%\usepackage[
%pdfborder={0 0 0},
%colorlinks=true
%]{hyperref} % Extensive support for hypertext in LaTeX
%% show backref in bibliography
%\RequirePackage[hyperpageref]{backref}
%\renewcommand*{\backref}[1]{}
%\renewcommand*{\backrefalt}[4]{
%%\newline
%\ifcase #1
%Not cited.
%\or
%Cited on page #2.
%\else
%Cited on pages #2.
%\fi
%}
%%%% Glossary (load after hyperref)
%\usepackage[
%%xindy,
%toc,
%acronym,
%nopostdot,
%%counter=page
%]{glossaries} % Create glossaries and lists of acronyms
%%\usepackage{glossary-longragged}
%%\renewcommand*{\glspostdescription}{} % remove dot at end of each description
%
%\newglossary{index}{gls}{glo}{\glossaryname}
%
%\makeglossaries
%%%% End %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\makeatother
\endinput