我已经使用 Latex 创建了一个树形图tikz。但是我不确定如何突出显示/添加分支颜色。例如，查看我所说明的树，我想突出显示（红色）从343到357到357的路径的边缘z = 375。任何帮助都将不胜感激。谢谢。
\documentclass[a4paper,landscape] {article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata,calc,shapes,backgrounds}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
\tikzset{
treenode/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, text centered,
font=\sffamily},
arn/.style = {treenode, circle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=4.1ex},
arnrec/.style = {treenode, rectangle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=7.5ex,minimum width=4.0ex, minimum height=4.0ex},
arnsmall/.style = {treenode, circle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=1.5ex},
}
\begin{document}
\centering
\tiny %font size
\begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,scale=0.85]
\node [sibling distance=10mm,level distance = 0.5cm] [arn] {start}
child{[sibling distance=2.8cm,level distance = 1.5cm] node [arn] {343}
child{ [sibling distance=0.8cm] node [arn] {343}
child{[level distance=0.6cm]node [arn] {367}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above left]{$x_{32}$}
}
child{[level distance=0.6cm] node [arn] {384}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above] {$x_{35}$}
}
child{ [level distance = 0.6cm] node [arn] {376}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above right]
{$x_{36}$}
}
edge from parent node[above left]
{$x_{21}$} %label
}
child{ [sibling distance=0.8cm] node [arn] {357}
child{ [level distance = 0.6cm] node [arn] {386}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above left] {$x_{31}$}
}
child{[level distance=0.6cm] node [arn] {389}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above] {$x_{35}$}
}
child{[sibling distance=0.7cm,level distance = 1.4cm] node [arn] {357}
child{ node [arnrec] {z=396}
edge from parent node[below left]
{$x_{42}$}
}
child{ node [arnrec] {z=375}
edge from parent node[below right]
{$x_{45}$}
}
edge from parent node[above right] {$x_{36}$}
}
edge from parent node[above left]
{$x_{23}$} %label
}
edge from parent node[above right]
{$x_{14}$} %label
}
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
您应该使用forest更好的（等待 cfr 添加示例，当然:-)）。对于您的代码，您必须在适当的位置添加red一些。black
\documentclass[a4paper,landscape] {article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,automata,calc,shapes,backgrounds}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}
\tikzset{
treenode/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, text centered,
font=\sffamily},
arn/.style = {treenode, circle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=4.1ex},
arnrec/.style = {treenode, rectangle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=7.5ex,minimum width=4.0ex, minimum height=4.0ex},
arnsmall/.style = {treenode, circle, black, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black,
fill=white, text width=1.5ex},
}
\begin{document}
\centering
\tiny %font size
\begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,scale=0.85]
\node [sibling distance=10mm,level distance = 0.5cm] [arn] {start}
child{[sibling distance=2.8cm,level distance = 1.5cm] node [arn] {343}
child{ [sibling distance=0.8cm] node [arn] {343}
child{[level distance=0.6cm]node [arn] {367}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above left]{$x_{32}$}
}
child{[level distance=0.6cm] node [arn] {384}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above] {$x_{35}$}
}
child{ [level distance = 0.6cm] node [arn] {376}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above right]
{$x_{36}$}
}
edge from parent node[above left]
{$x_{21}$} %label
}
child{ [sibling distance=0.8cm,red] node [arn] {357}
child{ [level distance = 0.6cm,black] node [arn] {386}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above left] {$x_{31}$}
}
child{[level distance=0.6cm,black] node [arn] {389}
child{node [arnsmall] {f}}
edge from parent node[above] {$x_{35}$}
}
child{[sibling distance=0.7cm,level distance = 1.4cm,red] node [arn] {357}
child{[black] node[arnrec] {z=396}
edge from parent node[below left]
{$x_{42}$}
}
child{ node [arnrec] {z=375}
edge from parent node[below right]
{$x_{45}$}
}
edge from parent node[above right] {$x_{36}$}
}
edge from parent node[above left]
{$x_{23}$} %label
}
edge from parent node[above right]
{$x_{14}$} %label
}
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
如果您愿意使用forest，这可以相当简单地完成，代码可以简化，并且可以自动创建一些节点。在这种情况下，我已f自动附加节点。我创建了一种样式my x，以便更轻松地添加边缘标签，并且我使用了tier，结合 2 个phantom节点来管理终端节点的对齐。
如果你愿意的话，这可能会进一步自动化，并且肯定可以进一步微调。
\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt,multi] {standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\standaloneenv{forest,tikzpicture}
\tikzset{
treenode/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, text centered, font=\sffamily},
arn/.style = {treenode, circle, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black, fill=white, text width=4.75ex},
arnrec/.style = {treenode, rectangle, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black, fill=white, text width=7.5ex,minimum width=4.0ex, minimum height=4.0ex},
arnsmall/.style = {treenode, circle, font=\sffamily\bfseries, draw=black, fill=white, text width=1.5ex},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
make f/.style={
append={[f, arnsmall, tier=prez]},
l sep+=-5mm,
},
make empty/.style={
coordinate,
no edge,
tier=prez,
for children={
edge path={
\noexpand\path [draw, \forestoption{edge}] (!uu.parent anchor) -- (.child anchor)\forestoption{edge label};
}
},
},
my x/.style n args=2{
edge label={node [midway, #2, font=\sffamily, text=black] {$x_{#1}$}},
},
for tree={
arn,
l sep+=5mm,
}
[start
[343, my x={14}{right}
[343, for children={make f}, my x={21}{left}
[367, my x={32}{left}
]
[384, my x={35}{fill=white}
]
[376, my x={36}{right}
]
]
[357, my x={23}{right}
[386, make f, my x={31}{left}
]
[389, make f, my x={35}{fill=white}
]
[357, my x={36}{right}
[, make empty
[{z=396}, arnrec, my x={42}{left, pos=.75}]
]
[, make empty
[{z=375}, arnrec, for ancestors={edge=red}, edge=red, my x={45}{right, pos=.75}]
]
]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}
如果您不希望start到第一个子节点的边为红色，请删除这两个节点，然后for ancestors={edge=red}只需添加两个即可：edge=red357
[start
[343, my x={14}{right}
[343, for children={make f}, my x={21}{left}
[367, my x={32}{left}
]
[384, my x={35}{fill=white}
]
[376, my x={36}{right}
]
]
[357, my x={23}{right}, edge=red
[386, make f, my x={31}{left}
]
[389, make f, my x={35}{fill=white}
]
[357, my x={36}{right}, edge=red
[, make empty
[{z=396}, arnrec, my x={42}{left, pos=.75}]
]
[, make empty
[{z=375}, arnrec, edge=red, my x={45}{right, pos=.75}]
]
]
]
]
]
只是因为它for ancestors太整洁了，我忍不住要演示一下 ;)。