为什么文本（黑色项目符号）不位于我定义锚点中心的坐标 (0,0) 处，而是在右上方一点？
\documentclass[border=10pt, tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.geometric,shapes.symbols}
\tikzset{%
couleur/.style={fill={#1},top couleur/.style={fill=#1!50}},%
}%
\makeatletter%
\pgfkeys{/tikz/remplissage/.initial = -1cm}%hauteur de fluide -1 = vide
% ---------------- %
% erlenmeyer %
% ---------------- %
\pgfdeclareshape{erlenmeyer}{ \nodeparts{text}
\anchor{center}{\pgfpoint{0}{0cm}}%
\anchor{north}{\pgfpoint{0}{1.85cm}}%
\anchor{south}{\pgfpoint{0}{-2cm}}%
\saveddimen\hauteurphase{\pgf@x=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/remplissage}}%
\behindbackgroundpath{ %
\path[draw,clip] (-0.5,1.75) to[rounded
corners=2pt]++(0,-1)to[rounded corners=10pt]++(-1,-2.5)to[rounded
corners=10pt, bend right=15pt]++(3,0) to[rounded
corners=2pt]++(-1,2.5)--++(0,1)++(-0.5,0) circle [x radius=0.5, y
radius=0.1];%
\path[couleur](-1.6,-2) rectangle (1.6,{\hauteurphase-2cm});
\path[draw=white,top couleur] (0,\hauteurphase-2cm) circle [x
radius=1.5cm-(\hauteurphase-0.25cm)*0.4 , y
radius=0.1 cm];%
}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[couleur = green, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node{(0,-2)}grid(3,2)node{(3,2)};%
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
@cfr 确实，处理 \anchor{text} 和 \pgfnodeparttextbox 解决了该问题，但引入了另一个问题，我将在稍后讨论。
我阅读并尝试理解手册 p1035，正如您所建议的那样，我认为代码必须指定形状坐标系中文本框左下角的坐标。要将文本置于原点的中心，文本框左下角必须将宽度的一半放在原点左侧，高度的一半放在原点下方。
\documentclass[border=10pt, tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.geometric,shapes.symbols}
\tikzset{%
couleur/.style={fill={#1},top couleur/.style={fill=#1!50}},%
}%
\makeatletter%
\pgfkeys{/tikz/remplissage/.initial = -1
cm}%hauteur de fluide -1 = vide
% ---------------- %
% erlenmeyer %
% ---------------- %
\pgfdeclareshape{erlenmeyer}{%
\nodeparts{text}%
\savedanchor{\lowerlefttextcorner}{
\pgf@y=-0.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox % height of the box, ignoring the depth
\pgf@x=-0.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox % width of the box
}%
\anchor{center}{\pgfpoint{0}{0cm}}%
\anchor{north}{\pgfpoint{0}{1.85cm}}%
\anchor{south}{\pgfpoint{0}{-2cm}}%
\anchor{text}{%
\lowerlefttextcorner%
}%
\saveddimen\hauteurphase{\pgf@x=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/remplissage}}%
\behindbackgroundpath{ %
\path[draw,clip] (-0.5,1.75) to[rounded
corners=2pt]++(0,-1)to[rounded corners=10pt]++(-1,-2.5)to[rounded
corners=10pt, bend right=15pt]++(3,0) to[rounded
corners=2pt]++(-1,2.5)--++(0,1)++(-0.5,0) circle [x radius=0.5, y
radius=0.1];%
\path[couleur](-1.6,-2) rectangle (1.6,{\hauteurphase-2cm});
\path[draw=white,top couleur] (0,\hauteurphase-2cm) circle [x
radius=1.5cm-(\hauteurphase-0.25cm)*0.4 , y
radius=0.1 cm];%
}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[anchor=center, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[olive, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0) node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = cyan]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = yellow]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node[olive]{this text is well
placed}grid(3,2)node[olive]{this text is well placed};%
\draw (0,-3)node[right]{With anchor center};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[anchor=south, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[red, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0) node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = red]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = blue]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node[red]{this text is higher than I
expected}grid(3,2)node[red]{this text is higher than I expected};%
\draw (0,-3)node[right]{With anchor south: and where are the scaled twice bullets?};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[anchor=north, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[red, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0)
node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = magenta]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = olive]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node[red]{this text is lower than I
expected}grid(3,2)node[red]{this text is lower than I expected};%
\draw (0,-5)node[right]{With anchor north: and why are the scaled
twice bullets so low?};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
具有中心锚定参数的锥形节点可以工作，但新的问题是，南锚定和北锚定参数对于锥形放置来说运行良好，但有副作用：它们破坏了锥形节点外部其他东西的放置。
正如 cfr 所说，如果我想要北或南对齐，我必须将其作为节点选项传递，这样它才不会影响一切。
\begin{tikzpicture}[anchor=center, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[red, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0) node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = cyan]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer, couleur = yellow]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node{(0,-2)}grid(3,2)node{(3,2)};%
\draw (0,-3)node[right]{With anchor center};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[ remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[red, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0) node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer,anchor=south, couleur = red]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer ,anchor=south, couleur = blue]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node{(0,-2)}grid(3,2)node{(3,2)};%
\draw (0,-3)node[right]{With anchor south};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remplissage = 1cm]
\draw[red, ultra thick] (0,0)node[scale=2]{$\bullet$} --(3,0)
node[scale=2]{$\bullet$};%
\draw (0,0)node[erlenmeyer, anchor=north, couleur = magenta]{$\bullet$}
++ (3,0)node[erlenmeyer, anchor=north, couleur = olive]{$\bullet$};%
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node{(0,-2)}grid(3,2)node{(3,2)};%
\draw (0,-5)node[right]{With anchor north};
\end{tikzpicture}
答案1
请注意，我以前从来没有玩过\pgfdeclareshape类似的东西。
买者自负...
通过快速浏览手册的相关部分，我发现你的代码并没有完成设置所需的工作善意节点。这需要为文本标签创建一个合适的锚点，并\savedanchor为其创建一个合适的锚点。为了使锚点在图片中可以正常访问，您需要根据\savedanchors 创建常规锚点。例如：
\documentclass[border=10pt,tikz,multi]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.geometric,shapes.symbols,positioning}
\tikzset{%
couleur/.style={fill={#1},top couleur/.style={fill=#1!50}},
remplissage/.store in=\hauteurphase,
remplissage=-1cm,
}
\makeatletter%
\pgfdeclareshape{erlenmeyer}{%
\nodeparts{text}%
\savedanchor{\mymacroname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox % height of the box
\pgf@x=.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox % width of the box
\setlength{\pgf@xa}{.5\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\ifdim\pgf@x<.5\pgf@xa
\pgf@x=\pgf@xa
\fi
}%
\savedanchor{\topname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=1.85cm
\pgf@x=0pt
}%
\savedanchor{\downbelowname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=-2cm
\pgf@x=0pt
}%
\anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}%
\anchor{north}{\topname}%
\anchor{south}{\downbelowname}%
\anchor{text}{%
\mymacroname
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\savedanchor{\overthere}{%
\pgf@y=0pt
\pgf@x=1.6\hauteurphase
}%
\anchor{east}{\overthere}%
\savedanchor{\overhere}{%
\pgf@y=0pt
\pgf@x=-1.6\hauteurphase
}%
\anchor{west}{\overhere}%
\behindbackgroundpath{%
\path [draw, clip] (-0.5,1.75) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(0,-1) to [rounded corners=10pt] ++(-1,-2.5) to [rounded corners=10pt, bend right=15pt] ++(3,0) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(-1,2.5)-- ++(0,1) ++(-0.5,0) circle [x radius=0.5, y radius=0.1];
\path [couleur] (-1.6,-2) rectangle (1.6,{\hauteurphase-2cm});
\path [draw=white, top couleur] (0,\hauteurphase-2cm) circle [x radius=1.5cm-(\hauteurphase-0.25cm)*0.4 , y radius=0.1 cm];
}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[couleur = green, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw [help lines] (0,-2) node {(0,-2)} grid (10,2) node {(10,2)};
\draw (0,0) node (a) [erlenmeyer] {$\bullet\bullet\bullet$};
\node [right=5pt of a, erlenmeyer, couleur=magenta] {text};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
这并不是需要做的全部。如果我们想要能够将节点相对于其北锚点放置，那么我们需要确保节点的形状能够适当地响应此类请求。目前，节点没有形状。一些东西被画在背景中，但节点没有\backgroundpath定义它的形状。
为了定义节点的形状以使其锚点按预期工作，我们需要使用低级 PGF 命令来定义路径。
让我们创建一些维度来保存 PGF 点的位置，我们知道这些位置不会被意外覆盖：
\newdimen\em@xa
\newdimen\em@ya
\newdimen\em@xb
\newdimen\em@yb
\newdimen\em@xc
\newdimen\em@yc
然后我们像以前一样开始，但添加一些对放置有用的锚点：
\pgfdeclareshape{erlenmeyer}{%
...
\savedanchor{\upright}{%
\pgf@x=1.6\hauteurphase
\pgf@y=1.85cm
}%
\anchor{north east}{\upright}%
\anchor{south west}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\anchor{south east}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\anchor{north west}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=\pgf@y
}%
现在定义我们的节点的形状：
\backgroundpath{%
这些是我们需要的尺寸：
\em@xa=-5mm \em@ya=+17.5mm
\em@xb=+15mm \em@yb=+7.5mm
\downbelowname
\em@xc=\pgf@x \em@yc=1.1\pgf@y
移至路径的开头：
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
现在定义节点的形状：
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{2pt}{2pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@yb}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{10pt}{10pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xb}{-\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathquadraticcurveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xc}{\em@yc}}{\pgfpoint{\em@xb}{-\em@ya}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{2pt}{2pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xa}{\em@yb}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpointorigin}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathellipse{\pgfpoint{0pt}{\em@ya}}{\pgfpoint{5mm}{0mm}}{\pgfpoint{0mm}{1mm}}%
}%
不要在背景中绘制，因为如果我们愿意，我们可以绘制节点的形状，并且它将适当地拾取其他节点使用的所有常用选项。我们更改\behindbackgroundpath为\beforebackgroundpath，这样如果我们填充节点，它将像我们预期的那样填充在烧瓶的液体内容后面：
\beforebackgroundpath{%
\path [clip] (-0.5,1.75) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(0,-1) to [rounded corners=10pt] ++(-1,-2.5) to [rounded corners=10pt, bend right=15pt] ++(3,0) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(-1,2.5)-- ++(0,1) ++(-0.5,0) circle [x radius=0.5, y radius=0.1];
这会稍微不同地设置液体的填充颜色，因为我们不再想将颜色传递fill=magenta给整个节点couleur=magenta。稍后会详细介绍这一点。
\path [fill=erlenmeyer couleur] (-1.6,-2) rectangle (1.6,{\hauteurphase-2cm});
\path [draw=white, fill=top couleur] (0,\hauteurphase-2cm) circle [x radius=1.5cm-(\hauteurphase-0.25cm)*0.4 , y radius=0.1 cm];
}%
}
那么如何允许在液体后面填充？这是一种保留当前couleur=<liquid colour>界面的方法：
\tikzset{%
执行代码的几个键设置了我们在fill上面烧瓶中使用的颜色：
erlenmeyer couleur/.code={\colorlet{erlenmeyer couleur}{#1}},
top couleur/.code={\colorlet{top couleur}{#1}},
这是设置图片中液体颜色的样式。这使用上面的键。我们同样可以让它执行命令，\colorlet...但这可能更灵活。
couleur/.style={%
erlenmeyer couleur=#1,
top couleur=#1!50,
},
确保颜色总是被定义为：
couleur=gray,
现在我们可以使用如下代码绘制一些节点：
\begin{tikzpicture}[couleur = green, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw [help lines] (-2,-4) grid (10,2);
\node (a) [erlenmeyer, draw] at (-.25,0) {$\bullet\bullet\bullet$};
\node (b) [right=5pt of a.east, erlenmeyer, anchor=north west, draw=magenta!50!black, top color=white, bottom color=orange!50!magenta, thick, couleur=magenta] {text};
\node (c) [right=5pt of b.east, erlenmeyer, anchor=south west, draw=blue, double=cyan, couleur=blue!50!cyan] {$\bullet$};
\node (d) [right=5pt of c.south east, erlenmeyer, anchor=south east, top color=white, bottom color=yellow, draw, couleur=orange, draw=red, scale=-.5] {*};
\end{tikzpicture}
产生如下结果：
这些节点现在表现正常，即节点通常针对此类用途表现正常。我们没有定义边界路径，因此诸如 之类的锚点.57没有意义。我们也没有定义其他锚点，例如mid或base。此外，我们的节点具有固定尺寸，这并不常见。但我们确实定义了标准罗盘点锚点，以及center和draw等fill键以预期的方式影响我们节点的外观。
请注意，所有节点形状都会将其文本框放置在相对于其坐标系的标准位置。如果您说anchor=north，这不会改变文本在节点形状内的位置。相反，它会改变节点相对于外部坐标系的放置方式。
比较一下这个例子：
\documentclass[border=10pt,tikz,multi]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,shapes.geometric}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (a) [isosceles triangle, draw] at (-.25,0) {$\bullet\bullet\bullet$};
\node (b) [right=5pt of a.east, isosceles triangle, anchor=north west, draw=magenta!50!black, top color=white, bottom color=orange!50!magenta, thick] {text};
\node (c) [right=5pt of b.east, isosceles triangle, anchor=south west, draw=blue, double=cyan] {$\bullet$};
\node (d) [right=5pt of c.south east, isosceles triangle, anchor=south east, top color=white, bottom color=yellow, draw, draw=red, scale=-.5] {*};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
产生
选择anchor不会改变形状内文本的位置isosceles triangle。它改变形状内用于定位节点的锚点。因此，text不会在 时移到顶部anchor=north。相反，text它会停留在原处在isosceles triangle形状坐标系中。变化的是形状的锚点与指定位置（的右侧）.north对齐，而不是默认位置。5pta.east.center
完整代码：
\documentclass[border=10pt,tikz,multi]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\tikzset{%
erlenmeyer couleur/.code={\colorlet{erlenmeyer couleur}{#1}},
top couleur/.code={\colorlet{top couleur}{#1}},
couleur/.style={%
erlenmeyer couleur=#1,
top couleur=#1!50,
},
couleur=gray,
remplissage/.store in=\hauteurphase,
remplissage=-1cm,
}
\makeatletter%
\newdimen\em@xa
\newdimen\em@ya
\newdimen\em@xb
\newdimen\em@yb
\newdimen\em@xc
\newdimen\em@yc
\pgfdeclareshape{erlenmeyer}{%
\nodeparts{text}%
\savedanchor{\mymacroname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=.5\ht\pgfnodeparttextbox % height of the box
\pgf@x=.5\wd\pgfnodeparttextbox % width of the box
\setlength{\pgf@xa}{.5\pgfshapeminwidth}%
\ifdim\pgf@x<.5\pgf@xa
\pgf@x=\pgf@xa
\fi
}%
\savedanchor{\topname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=1.85cm
\pgf@x=0pt
}%
\savedanchor{\downbelowname}{% manual 1035
\pgf@y=-2cm
\pgf@x=0pt
}%
\anchor{center}{\pgfpointorigin}%
\anchor{north}{\topname}%
\anchor{south}{\downbelowname}%
\anchor{text}{%
\mymacroname
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\savedanchor{\overthere}{%
\pgf@y=0pt
\pgf@x=1.6\hauteurphase
}%
\anchor{east}{\overthere}%
\savedanchor{\overhere}{%
\pgf@y=0pt
\pgf@x=-1.6\hauteurphase
}%
\anchor{west}{\overhere}%
\savedanchor{\upright}{%
\pgf@x=1.6\hauteurphase
\pgf@y=1.85cm
}%
\anchor{north east}{\upright}%
\anchor{south west}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\anchor{south east}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=\pgf@x
\pgf@y=-\pgf@y
}%
\anchor{north west}{%
\upright
\pgf@x=-\pgf@x
\pgf@y=\pgf@y
}%
\backgroundpath{%
\em@xa=-5mm \em@ya=+17.5mm
\em@xb=+15mm \em@yb=+7.5mm
\downbelowname
\em@xc=\pgf@x \em@yc=1.1\pgf@y
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{2pt}{2pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@yb}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{10pt}{10pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xb}{-\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathquadraticcurveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xc}{\em@yc}}{\pgfpoint{\em@xb}{-\em@ya}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{2pt}{2pt}}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xa}{\em@yb}}%
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpointorigin}%
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{-\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{\em@xa}{\em@ya}}%
\pgfpathellipse{\pgfpoint{0pt}{\em@ya}}{\pgfpoint{5mm}{0mm}}{\pgfpoint{0mm}{1mm}}%
}%
\beforebackgroundpath{%
\path [clip] (-0.5,1.75) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(0,-1) to [rounded corners=10pt] ++(-1,-2.5) to [rounded corners=10pt, bend right=15pt] ++(3,0) to [rounded corners=2pt] ++(-1,2.5)-- ++(0,1) ++(-0.5,0) circle [x radius=0.5, y radius=0.1];
\path [fill=erlenmeyer couleur] (-1.6,-2) rectangle (1.6,{\hauteurphase-2cm});
\path [draw=white, fill=top couleur] (0,\hauteurphase-2cm) circle [x radius=1.5cm-(\hauteurphase-0.25cm)*0.4 , y radius=0.1 cm];
}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[couleur = green, remplissage = 1cm]
\draw [help lines] (-2,-4) grid (10,2);
\node (a) [erlenmeyer, draw] at (-.25,0) {$\bullet\bullet\bullet$};
\node (b) [right=5pt of a.east, erlenmeyer, anchor=north west, draw=magenta!50!black, top color=white, bottom color=orange!50!magenta, thick, couleur=magenta] {text};
\node (c) [right=5pt of b.east, erlenmeyer, anchor=south west, draw=blue, double=cyan, couleur=blue!50!cyan] {$\bullet$};
\node (d) [right=5pt of c.south east, erlenmeyer, anchor=south east, top color=white, bottom color=yellow, draw, couleur=orange, draw=red, scale=-.5] {*};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}