\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[charter]{mathdesign}
\usepackage{graphicx, calc}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{lipsum}
%\usepackage{tocloft}
\titleformat{\chapter}[block]
{\bfseries\LARGE\filleft\sffamily}
{\raisebox{ -1ex}{ \MakeUppercase{\chaptertitlename}}\raisebox{ -5ex}{ \resizebox{1cm}{1.5cm}{\thechapter}}}{.5em}{\color{red}\titlerule[2pt]\\
\vspace{-3ex}%
\hspace{5cm} \filright \begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}\bfseries\Huge\normalfont}
[\end{minipage}]
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{\vspace{1cm}\hfill Table of Contents}
%\renewcommand\cftaftertoctitle{\hfill\par\vspace{1cm}}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\newpage
\chapter{Préliminaire}
jdjd
\chapter{Éléments finies 1D}
\chapter{Éléments finies 2D}
\section{example}
\lipsum[3]
\chapter{Espace de SOBOLEV }
\lipsum[3]
\chapter*{Espace de SOBOLEV}
\end{document}