tikz 中的分支定界树

tikz 中的分支定界树

我正在尝试创建一棵树,以显示 tikz 中整数规划问题的分支定界过程。我设法以我想要的方式创建了一棵具有第一级的树,但 latex 无法编译具有第二级的树,我不确定我的代码优化得很差,因为这是我唯一能弄清楚如何做到这一点的方法,而且代码混乱意味着很难确定我哪里出错了。

如果有人可以向我展示一种清理代码的方法,以便大多数节点细节都在预定义中,或者向我展示第二棵树中哪里出了问题,那就太好了。

第一级代码:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[
scale = 1.5, transform shape, thick,
tree node/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, text centered, font = 
\scriptsize},
S/.style = {draw, circle, minimum size = 8mm, top color=white, bottom 
color=blue!20},
grow = down,  % alignment of characters
level 1/.style = {sibling distance=3cm},
level 2/.style = {sibling distance=4cm}, 
level 3/.style = {sibling distance=2cm}, 
level distance = 1.25cm]

\node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
\scriptsize]170:1055.56}] {$S$}
    child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
    \scriptsize]170:1000}] {$S_1$}edge from parent node[above left, font = 
    \scriptsize] {$x \leq 5$}}
    child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
    \scriptsize]170:1033}]
    {$S_2$} edge from parent node[above right, font = \scriptsize] {$x \geq 
    6$}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

编译失败的第一和第二级代码:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    scale = 1.5, transform shape, thick,
    tree node/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, text centered, font = 
 \scriptsize},
    S/.style = {draw, circle, minimum size = 8mm, top color=white, bottom 
color=blue!20},
    grow = down,  % alignment of characters
    level 1/.style = {sibling distance=3cm},
    level 2/.style = {sibling distance=4cm}, 
    level 3/.style = {sibling distance=2cm}, 
    level distance = 1.25cm]
\node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
\scriptsize]170:1055.56}] {$S$}
    child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
    \scriptsize]170:1000}] {$S_1$} edge from parent node[above left, font = 
    \scriptsize] {$x \leq 5$}}
    child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font = 
    \scriptsize]170:1033}]
    {$S_2$} edge from parent node[above right, font = \scriptsize] {$x 
    \geq 6$}
        child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font 
             = \scriptsize]170:1033}]
            {$S_2,1$} edge from parent node[above right, font = \scriptsize] 
            {$x \leq 1$}
        child{node [S, label={[font = \scriptsize]10:950}, label={[font 
             = \scriptsize]170:1033}]
            {$S_2,2$} edge from parent node[above right, font = \scriptsize] 
            {$x \geq 2$}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

提前致谢!

编辑:像我试图创建的一样的分支定界树

像我试图创建的那种分枝定界树

答案1

我会使用专门的树绘制包之一。更具体地说,我会使用forest或,如果不行,则tikz-qtree使用。如果这样做,您可以非常简洁地指定树,并且可以轻松确保它们的格式一致。

对于 Forest 来说,该包还会为您完成很多布局工作,尽管标签不是以这种方式处理的,因此这种特殊的优势对于这种特殊类型的树来说可能没有多大好处。

以下是定义森林样式的示例branch and bound。当应用于树时,会发生以下情况:

  • tree nodeSthick应用于树中的所有节点,其内容以数学模式设置;

  • 边缘也是如此thick

  • 在树上添加一些空间来分隔树枝和层级;

  • 树解析完毕后,每个节点的内容按冒号分割:<left label>:<node content>:<right label>:<edge label>;

    • 第一个冒号之前的部分成为左标签(在 处170)。下一部分设置为主节点内容(tree node在数学模式中带有 ,等等)。第三部分设置为右标签(在 处10)。最后一部分成为分支上的标签:左侧分支位于中点左侧,右侧分支位于中点右侧。
  • 边缘标签的内容可以在文本模式(text branch labels)或数学模式(maths branch labels)中设置;

    • 前缀和后缀可以使用以下方式添加:

      • set branch labels={<left branch prefix>}{<left branch suffix>}{<right branch prefix>}{<right branch suffix>}

      • set maths branch labels={<left branch prefix>}{<left branch suffix>}{<right branch prefix>}{<right branch suffix>}

      • set text branch labels={<left branch prefix>}{<left branch suffix>}{<right branch prefix>}{<right branch suffix>}

  • 树的每片叶子下面都画一条水平线。

然后我们可以指定我认为是你的第二棵树,现在根据评论进行编辑,以根据级别改变边缘标签,

\begin{forest}
  branch and bound,
  where level=1{
    set branch labels={x\leq}{}{x\geq}{},
  }{
    if level=2{
      set branch labels={}{\geq y}{}{\leq y},
    }{},
  }
  [1055.56:S:950
    [1000:S_1:950:5
    ]
    [1033:S_2:950:6
      [1033:{S_2,1}:950:1]
      [950:{S_2,2}:1033:2]
    ]
  ]
\end{forest}

这显然要简洁得多,并且产生了

<code>分支定界</code>树

我不知道这种树的标准是什么,所以可能需要稍微调整一下才能正常工作。例如,边缘标签可能并不总是形式x\leqx\req,或者有时只有一个或两个以上的子节点。然而,这至少应该说明了这种方法的潜在威力。

完整代码:

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{forest}
\tikzset{
  tree node/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, font = \scriptsize},
  S/.style = {draw, circle, minimum size = 8mm, top color=white, bottom color=blue!20},
  tree node label/.style={font=\scriptsize},
}
\forestset{
  declare toks={left branch prefix}{},
  declare toks={right branch prefix}{},
  declare toks={left branch suffix}{},
  declare toks={right branch suffix}{},
  tree node left label/.style={
    label=170:#1,
  },
  tree node right label/.style={
    label=10:#1,
  },
  maths branch labels/.style={
    branch label/.style={
      if n=1{
        edge label={node [left, midway] {$\forestoption{left branch prefix}##1\forestoption{left branch suffix}$}},
      }{
        edge label={node [right, midway] {$\forestoption{right branch prefix}##1\forestoption{right branch suffix}$}},
      }
    },
  },
  text branch labels/.style={
    branch label/.style={
      if n=1{
        edge label={node [left, midway] {\foresteoption{left branch prefix}##1\forestoption{left branch suffix}}},
      }{
        edge label={node [right, midway] {\forestoption{right branch prefix}##1\forestoption{right branch suffix}}},
      }
    },
  },
  text branch labels,
  set branch labels/.style n args=4{%
    left branch prefix={#1},
    left branch suffix={#2},
    right branch prefix={#3},
    right branch suffix={#4},
  },
  set maths branch labels/.style n args=4{
    maths branch labels,
    set branch labels={#1}{#2}{#3}{#4},
  },
  set text branch labels/.style n args=4{
    text branch labels,
    set branch labels={#1}{#2}{#3}{#4},
  },
  branch and bound/.style={
    /tikz/every label/.append style=tree node label,
    maths branch labels,
    for tree={
      tree node,
      S,
      math content,
      s sep'+=20mm,
      l sep'+=5mm,
      thick,
      edge+={thick},
    },
    before typesetting nodes={
      for tree={
        split option={content}{:}{tree node left label,content,tree node right label,branch label},
      },
    },
    where n children=0{
      tikz+={
        \draw [thick]  ([yshift=-10pt, xshift=-2.5pt].south west) -- ([yshift=-10pt, xshift=2.5pt].south east);
      }
    }{},
  },
}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
  branch and bound,
  where level=1{
    set branch labels={x\leq}{}{x\geq}{},
  }{
    if level=2{
      set branch labels={}{\geq y}{}{\leq y},
    }{},
  }
  [1055.56:S:950
    [1000:S_1:950:5
    ]
    [1033:S_2:950:6
      [1033:{S_2,1}:950:1]
      [950:{S_2,2}:1033:2]
    ]
  ]
\end{forest}
\end{document}

答案2

  • 您的 mwe 中的第二个代码出现错误,源代码}缺失edge from parent node
  • 解决方案tikz
  • 通过为节点和边标签定义新样式,您的代码变得更加简洁
  • 将问题中的两棵树合并为一棵(类似于成本加运费在他的回答中)我们变成:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, shapes}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}
    \tikzset{thick,
         tree node/.style = {align=center, inner sep=0pt, font = \scriptsize},
every label/.append style = {font=\scriptsize},
                 S/.style = {draw, circle, minimum size = 11mm, inner sep=0pt,
                             top color=white, bottom color=blue!20},
               ENL/.style = {% edge node left
                             font=\footnotesize, left=1pt},
               ENR/.style = {% edge node right
                             font=\footnotesize, right=1pt},
                     grow = down,
         sibling distance = 2.8cm,
           level distance = 3cm
           }
    \newcommand\LB{% Lower bound
                    \tikz\draw[very thick] (-0.5,0) -- + (1,0);}

\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [S, label=10:950, label=170:1055.56] {$S$}
    child{node [S, label=10:950, label=170:1000, label=below:\LB] {$S_1$}
        edge from parent node[ENL] {$x \leq 5$}}
    child{node [S, label=10:950, label=170:1033] {$S_2$}
        child{node [S, label=10:950, label=170:1033, label=below:\LB] {$S_2,1$}
            edge from parent node[ENL] {$x \geq 6$}}
        child{node [S, label=10:950, label=170:1033, label=below:\LB] {$S_2,2$}
            edge from parent node[ENR] {$x \leq 1$}}
        edge from parent node[ENR] {$x \geq 6$}
            };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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