一个具有挑战性的水平/垂直居中问题

Question 1

图片模式！

正方形的边长为 5em，因为\unitlength设置为 1em（将考虑当前字体）。因此 0.3 表示距离为 0.3em，这似乎正是您想要的。根据您的喜好调整大小。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pict2e}

\newcommand{\compass}[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \setlength\unitlength{1em}%
  \linethickness{0.2ex}%
  \begin{picture}(5,5)
  % the frame
  \moveto(0,0)\lineto(0,5)\lineto(5,5)\lineto(5,0)\closepath\strokepath
  % the cardinal points
  \put(2.5,4.7){\makebox[0pt]{\raisebox{-\height}{N}}}
  \put(2.5,0.3){\makebox[0pt]{S}}
  \put(0.3,2.5){\makebox[0pt][l]{\raisebox{-0.5\height}{W}}}
  \put(4.7,2.5){\makebox[0pt][r]{\raisebox{-0.5\height}{E}}}
  % the center
  \put(2.5,2.5){\makebox(0,0){#1}}
  \end{picture}%
  \endgroup
}

\begin{document}

X\compass{1}X\qquad{\footnotesize X\compass{3}X}\qquad{\tiny X\compass{5}X}

\bigskip

{\Large X\compass{12}X}\qquad{\Huge X\compass{24}X}

\end{document}

Answer

图片模式！

正方形的边长为 5em，因为\unitlength设置为 1em（将考虑当前字体）。因此 0.3 表示距离为 0.3em，这似乎正是您想要的。根据您的喜好调整大小。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pict2e}

\newcommand{\compass}[1]{%
  \begingroup
  \setlength\unitlength{1em}%
  \linethickness{0.2ex}%
  \begin{picture}(5,5)
  % the frame
  \moveto(0,0)\lineto(0,5)\lineto(5,5)\lineto(5,0)\closepath\strokepath
  % the cardinal points
  \put(2.5,4.7){\makebox[0pt]{\raisebox{-\height}{N}}}
  \put(2.5,0.3){\makebox[0pt]{S}}
  \put(0.3,2.5){\makebox[0pt][l]{\raisebox{-0.5\height}{W}}}
  \put(4.7,2.5){\makebox[0pt][r]{\raisebox{-0.5\height}{E}}}
  % the center
  \put(2.5,2.5){\makebox(0,0){#1}}
  \end{picture}%
  \endgroup
}

\begin{document}

X\compass{1}X\qquad{\footnotesize X\compass{3}X}\qquad{\tiny X\compass{5}X}

\bigskip

{\Large X\compass{12}X}\qquad{\Huge X\compass{24}X}

\end{document}

Question 2

以下是 LaTeX 内容和使用纯 TeX 内容的混合。更改可选参数的默认值可更改\compass整体大小。整体大小不等于可选参数，而是等于#1+.6em+.4ex宽度、#1+.3em+.2ex高度和.3em+.2ex深度。

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}

% this might already be defined depending on included packages
\providecommand\clap[1]{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}

\newcommand\compass[2][10ex]
  {{%
    \fboxrule=.2ex
    \fboxsep=.3em
    \fbox
      {%
        \vbox to #1{\hsize=#1
          \hbox to #1{\hss N\hss}%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{\rlap{W}\hss \clap{#2}\hss \llap{E}}%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{\hss S\hss}%
        }%
      }%
  }}

\begin{document}
\compass{1}
\end{document}

垂直方向它只对齐基线，W x E因此如果x可识别的基线小于W，E它看起来就不会垂直居中。

版本还使用垂直居中中间线 $\vcenter{...}$ （并利用\xlap宏在内部使用\hbox，因此文本不会在数学模式下排版）：

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}

% this might already be defined depending on included packages
\providecommand\clap[1]{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}

\newcommand\compass[2][10ex]
  {{%
    \fboxrule=.2ex
    \fboxsep=.3em
    \fbox
      {%
        \vbox to #1{\hsize=#1
          \hbox to #1{\hss N\hss}%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{%
            $\vcenter{\rlap{W}}$\hss
            $\vcenter{\clap{#2}}$\hss
            $\vcenter{\llap{E}}$%
          }%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{\hss S\hss}%
        }%
      }%
  }}

\begin{document}
\compass{\tiny1}
\end{document}

版本给出从 W 和 E 中心到边界的相同距离。不幸的是，它看起来并不像我想象的那么好。

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}

% this might already be defined depending on included packages
\providecommand\clap[1]{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}

\newbox\myTestbox
\newdimen\myhoffset
\newcommand\compass[2][10ex]
  {{%
    \setbox\myTestbox\hbox{E}%
    \myhoffset=.5\wd\myTestbox
    \setbox\myTestbox\hbox{W}%
    \ifdim\myhoffset<.5\wd\myTestbox
      \myhoffset=.5\wd\myTestbox
    \fi
    \fboxrule=.2ex
    \fboxsep=.3em
    \fbox
      {%
        \vbox to #1{\hsize=#1
          \hbox to #1{\hss N\hss}%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{%
            \hskip\myhoffset
            $\vcenter{\clap{W}}$\hss
            $\vcenter{\clap{#2}}$\hss
            $\vcenter{\clap{E}}$%
            \hskip\myhoffset
          }%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{\hss S\hss}%
        }%
      }%
  }}

\begin{document}
\compass[8ex]{\tiny1}
\end{document}

正如 OP 所指出的，\vcenter代码与中间有很小的垂直偏移。因此，这里是另一个版本，这次使用了一些\smashs 和一个计算\raise量#2：

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}

% this might already be defined depending on included packages
\providecommand\clap[1]{\hbox to 0pt{\hss #1\hss}}

\newdimen\myvoffset
\newbox\mytestboxA
\newbox\mytestboxB
\newcommand\compass[2][10ex]
  {{%
    \setbox\mytestboxA\hbox{WE}%
    \setbox\mytestboxB\hbox{#2}%
    \myvoffset=\dimexpr
      \ht\mytestboxA-\ht\mytestboxB+\dp\mytestboxB-\dp\mytestboxA\relax
    \myvoffset=.5\myvoffset
    \fboxrule=.2ex
    \fboxsep=.3em
    \fbox
      {%
        \vbox to #1{\hsize=#1
          \hbox to #1{\hss N\hss}%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{%
            \smash{\rlap{W}}\hss
            \smash{\clap{\raise\myvoffset\hbox{#2}}}\hss
            \smash{\llap{E}}%
          }%
          \vss
          \hbox to #1{\hss S\hss}%
        }%
      }%
  }}

\begin{document}
\compass[2.5em]{\tiny1}
\end{document}

Answer