如何清空 tikz 表（矩阵）中的单元格？

Question

我正在尝试在 tikz 中重新创建下表（我需要这样做，因为我可以在 jupyter 笔记本中使用 tikz 来渲染嵌入输出但尚未乳胶）

当我通过 tikz 尝试时，我只能走到这一步......

我的 MWE：

\begin{tikzpicture}

\tikzset{square matrix/.style={
    matrix of nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes={draw,
      minimum height=#1,
      anchor=center,
      text width=#1,
      align=center,
      inner sep=0pt
    },
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\matrix[square matrix]
{
1 & &  & & & & \\ 
2 & x & & & & & \\ 
3 & x & x & & & & \\ 
4 & x & x & x & & & \\ 
5 & x & x & x & x & & \\ 
6 & x & x & x & x & x & \\ 
};

\end{tikzpicture}

Answer 1

Sebastiano 提供了缺失单元格的解决方案以及如何填充每个单元格，但也可以定义styles完整的行和列。并通过一些额外的工作绘制左上角的单元格。

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone} 
\usetikzlibrary{matrix, positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\tikzset{%
square matrix/.style={
    matrix of nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, 
    row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes in empty cells,
    nodes={draw,
      minimum size=#1,
      anchor=center,
      align=center,
      inner sep=0pt
    },
    column 1/.style={nodes={fill=cyan!30}},
    row 1/.style={nodes={fill=cyan!30}},
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\matrix[square matrix] (A)
{
  & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6\\ 
1 & & & & & & \\ 
2 & x & & & & & \\ 
3 & x & x & & & &   \\ 
4 & x & x & x & & & \\ 
5 & x & x & x & x & & \\ 
6 & x & x & x & x & x & \\ 
};

\draw (A-1-1.north west)--(A-1-1.south east);
\node[below left=2mm and 2mm of A-1-1.north east] {$i$};
\node[above right=2mm and 2mm of A-1-1.south west] {$j$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

更新：

为了获得一些特殊的颜色分布，就像在你的关联

您可以混合一些常规行和列的自动填充和一些背景的手动填充：

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone} 
\usetikzlibrary{matrix, positioning, backgrounds}

\tikzset{%
square matrix/.style={
    matrix of math nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, 
    row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes in empty cells,
    nodes={draw,
      minimum width=#1,
      minimum height=.5*#1,
      anchor=center,
%      align=center,
      inner sep=0pt
    },
    column 1/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30}},
    row 1/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30}},
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix (A) [square matrix]
{
j\backslash i  & x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & x_5 & x_6\\    
y_1 & R_{11} & R_{12} & R_{13} & R_{14} & R_{15} & R_{16} \\ 
y_2 & R_{21} & R_{22} & R_{23} & R_{24} & R_{25} & R_{26} \\ 
y_3 & R_{31} & R_{32} & R_{33} & R_{34} & R_{35} & R_{36} \\ 
y_4 & R_{41} & R_{42} & R_{43} & R_{44} & R_{45} & R_{46} \\ 
y_5 & R_{51} & R_{52} & R_{53} & R_{54} & R_{55} & R_{56} \\ 
y_6 & R_{61} & R_{62} & R_{63} & R_{64} & R_{65} & R_{66} \\ 
};
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\fill[cyan!15] (A-3-2.north west)-|(A-4-3.north west)-|(A-5-4.north west)-|(A-6-5.north west)-|(A-7-6.north west)-|(A-7-6.south east)-|cycle;
\fill[red!15] (A-2-3.north west)|-(A-3-4.north west)
|-(A-4-5.north west)|-(A-5-6.north west)|-(A-6-7.north west)|-(A-6-7.south east)
|-cycle;
\foreach \i in {2,...,7}
    \fill[gray!30] (A-\i-\i.north west) rectangle (A-\i-\i.south east);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

第二次更新：

您可以构建一个自动解决方案：

\documentclass[tikz,border=2mm]{standalone} 
\usetikzlibrary{matrix, positioning, backgrounds}

\tikzset{%
myfill/.code={%
    \ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn<\pgfmatrixcurrentrow
        \pgfkeysalso{fill=cyan!30}
    \else
        \ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn>\pgfmatrixcurrentrow
            \pgfkeysalso{fill=red!30}
        \else
            \pgfkeysalso{fill=gray!20}
        \fi
    \fi
    },
square matrix/.style={
    matrix of math nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, 
    row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes in empty cells,
    nodes={draw,
        myfill,
      minimum width=#1,
      minimum height=.5*#1,
      anchor=center,
      inner sep=0pt,
      node contents={
        R_{\the\numexpr\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn-1\relax%
        \the\numexpr\pgfmatrixcurrentrow-1\relax%
      }}
    },
    column 1/.style={
        nodes={fill=gray!30,
        node contents={y_\the\numexpr\pgfmatrixcurrentrow-1\relax}
        }},
    row 1/.style={
        nodes={fill=gray!30,
        node contents={x_\the\numexpr\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn-1\relax}
        }},
     row 1 column 1/.style={
        nodes={fill=gray!30,
        node contents={j\backslash i}
        }},
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\matrix (A) [square matrix]
{
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&\\
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

我已向您的 LaTeX 代码添加了以下选项：

\matrix[square matrix, nodes in empty cells]
{
&   &   &   &\\

当然，添加或删除&可以创建（不创建）其他空单元格。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\tikzset{square matrix/.style={
    matrix of nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes={draw,
      minimum height=#1,
      anchor=center,
      text width=#1,
      align=center,
      inner sep=0pt
    },
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\matrix[square matrix, nodes in empty cells]
{
&   &   &   &\\
1 & &  & & & & \\ 
2 & x & & & & & \\ 
3 & x & x & & & & \\ 
4 & x & x & x & & & \\ 
5 & x & x & x & x & & \\ 
6 & x & x & x & x & x & \\ 
};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

附录：

我只填充了一个单元格。使用相同的结构，您可以填充一个或多个单元格。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xcolor}


\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{square matrix/.style={
    matrix of nodes,
    column sep=-\pgflinewidth, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
    nodes={draw,
      minimum height=#1,
      anchor=center,
      text width=#1,
      align=center,
      inner sep=0pt
    },
  },
  square matrix/.default=1.2cm
}

\matrix[square matrix, nodes in empty cells]
{
|[fill=green]|&   &   &   &\\
1 & &  & & & & \\ 
2 & x & & & & & \\ 
3 & x & x & & & & \\ 
4 & x & x & x & & & \\ 
5 & x & x & x & x & & \\ 
6 & x & x & x & x & x & \\ 
};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}