我想将表格稍微向页面左侧移动（超出左侧文本宽度边界）。经过多次谷歌搜索，我仍然遇到问题，无法让 ˙\adjustwidth` 正常工作：
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{booktabs, ltablex, makecell}
\usepackage{siunitx}[input-decimal-markers=.]
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{threeparttable}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage[sort, numbers, compress]{natbib}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{mathabx}
\usepackage{makebox}
\usepackage[font=footnotesize,labelfont=bf,labelsep=space ]{caption}
\usepackage[title]{appendix}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\renewcommand\leq\varleq
\renewcommand\geq\vargeq
\interfootnotelinepenalty=10000
\addtolength{\skip\footins}{10pt}
\captionsetup[table]{singlelinecheck=false,justification=raggedright}
%
%\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
%\newcolumntype{b}{>{\hsize=0.75\hsize}X}
%\newcolumntype{B}{>{\hsize=1.25\hsize \raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\footnotesize\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\usepackage{showframe}
\begin{document}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-1in}{-1cm}
\footnotesize
% \renewcommand{\theadalign}{lbc}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{lXXXXX}
\caption{caption}\label{resultstable}\\
\toprule
\thead[l]{\footnotesize \vspace{-6mm} variables} & \thead{\footnotesize \\ 1 \\ } & \thead{\footnotesize Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)} & \thead{\footnotesize \\ 3 \\(n=111)} &
\thead{\footnotesize \\4\\()} & \thead{\footnotesize \\5\\()} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\caption{Continued.}\\
\toprule
\thead[l]{\footnotesize \vspace{-6mm} 1} & \thead{\footnotesize 1 \\ } & \thead{\footnotesize 2} & \thead{\footnotesize 3} &
\thead{\footnotesize 4} & \thead{\footnotesize 5} \\
\midrule
\endhead
\textit{Very very very very Long variable name}&\\
\hspace{1mm}var2\\
\qquad varx& 0.92 (0.13)& 0.65 (0.26) & 0.65 (0.19)& 0.49 (0.23)&
0.44 (0.23)\\
\qquad vary& 0.93 (0.12)& 0.52 (0.28) & 0.53 (0.21) & 0.23 (0.22)&0.02 (0.07)\\
\qquad varz&\\
\qquad varu&\\
\qquad varrn&\\
\hspace{1mm}varrqe&\\
\qquad var&\\
\qquad var&\\
\qquad var&\\
\qquad var&\\
\qquad var&\\
\hspace{1mm}var)&\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{document}
它完美地将表格向右扩展，但不会将左侧扩展。但是，它确实将标题向左扩展，但不会将整个表格扩展？有人知道这是为什么吗？是不是因为使用了太多软件包？
答案1
您的表格存在许多问题：
ltablex不能很好地配合\adjustwidth。您的表格真的有多页长吗？- 仅当单元格的内容比列的标准宽度宽时才使用
ltablex保留列带，否则如果有列带，它会将列宽缩小到宽度。解决方法是添加到文档序言中XXl\keepXColumns - 不管您的表格中是否只有一列内容（其他列为空），您都需要写出所有与号。添加遗漏的与号可以解决您的问题（如果您不使用
ltablex但很简单tabularx）。 \adjustwidth不是为了改变更多页面的文本宽度。因为这更适合\newgeometry从geometry包中使用。
考虑以上评论，该表可以写成：
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs,
makecell,
tabularx,
threeparttable}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\footnotesize\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\newcommand\mcl[1]{\multicolumn{1}{l}{#1}}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage[font=footnotesize,
labelfont=bf,
labelsep=space]{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{singlelinecheck=false,
justification=raggedright}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\begin{adjustwidth}{-1cm}{-1cm}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
\caption{caption}
\label{resultstable}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{>{\quad}l X X X X X }
\toprule
\thead[b]{variables}
& \thead[b]{1}
& \thead[b]{Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{3 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{4\\()}
& \thead[b]{5\\()} \\
\midrule
\mcl{\textit{Very very very very Long variable name}}
& & & & \\
\mcl{var2} & & & & & \\
varx & 0.92 (0.13)
& 0.65 (0.26)
& 0.65 (0.19)
& 0.49 (0.23)
& 0.44 (0.23) \\
vary & 0.93 (0.12)
& 0.52 (0.28)
& 0.53 (0.21)
& 0.23 (0.22)
& 0.02 (0.07) \\
\mcl{varz} & & & & & \\
varu & & & & & \\
varrn & & & & & \\
varrqe & & & & & \\
\mcl{var)} & & & & & \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{table}
\end{document}
这使：
如果你把它写得Very very very very Long variable name更短，例如使用缩写或者把它分成两行或更多行，那么\adjustwidth就不再需要使用了。在这种情况下，ltablex此表的用法将按预期工作：
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs,
longtable,
ltablex,
makecell,
threeparttable}
\keepXColumns
\renewcommand\theadfont{\footnotesize\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\newcommand\mcx[1]{\multicolumn{1}{@{}>{\hsize=1.75\hsize}X}{#1}}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage[font=footnotesize,
labelfont=bf,
labelsep=space]{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{singlelinecheck=false,
justification=raggedright}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\footnotesize
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.4}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}>{\quad\hsize=1.75\hsize}L
*{5}{>{\hsize=0.95\hsize}C}
@{}}
\caption{caption}
\label{resultstable} \\
\toprule
\thead[b]{variables}
& \thead[b]{1}
& \thead[b]{Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{3 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{4\\()}
& \thead[b]{5\\()} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\caption{caption (cont.)}
\label{resultstable} \\
\toprule
\thead[b]{variables}
& \thead[b]{1}
& \thead[b]{Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{3 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{4\\()}
& \thead[b]{5\\()} \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\multicolumn{6}{r}{\textit{continue on the next page}}
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
\mcx{\itshape
Very very very very Long variable name}
& & & & \\
\mcx{var2} & & & & & \\
varx & 0.92 (0.13)
& 0.65 (0.26)
& 0.65 (0.19)
& 0.49 (0.23)
& 0.44 (0.23) \\
vary & 0.93 (0.12)
& 0.52 (0.28)
& 0.53 (0.21)
& 0.23 (0.22)
& 0.02 (0.07) \\
\mcx{varz} & & & & & \\
varu & & & & & \\
varrn & & & & & \\
varrqe & & & & & \\
\mcx{var)} & & & & & \\
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}
附录：
根据您下面的评论，（可能的）解决方案是在表中添加一列并重新设计命令\mcx。我还建议用\mcx命令在行前添加更多垂直空间（所有更改都在代码中指示% <---）：
\documentclass[a4paper, 12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs,
longtable,
ltablex,
makecell,
threeparttable}
\keepXColumns
\renewcommand\theadfont{\footnotesize\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage[strict]{changepage}
\usepackage[font=footnotesize,
labelfont=bf,
labelsep=space,
skip=1ex]{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{singlelinecheck=false,
justification=raggedright}
\begin{document}
\begingroup % <---
\footnotesize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont % <---
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} % <---
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt} % <---
\newcommand\mcx[1]{\multicolumn{2}%
{@{}>{\hsize=\dimexpr1.75\hsize+2\tabcolsep}L}{#1}} % <---
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}
l % <---
>{\hsize=1.75\hsize}L
*{5}{>{\hsize=0.95\hsize}C}
@{}}
\caption{caption}
\label{resultstable} \\
\toprule
& \thead[bl]{variables}
& \thead[b]{1}
& \thead[b]{Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{3 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{4\\()}
& \thead[b]{5\\()} \\
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\caption{caption (cont.)}
\label{resultstable} \\
\toprule
& \thead[bl]{variables}
& \thead[b]{1}
& \thead[b]{Cluster \\ 2 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{3 \\(n=111)}
& \thead[b]{4\\()}
& \thead[b]{5\\()} \\
\midrule
\endhead
\midrule
\multicolumn{6}{r}{\textit{continue on the next page}}
\endfoot
\bottomrule
\endlastfoot
\mcx{some very long variable name without indented text}
& & & & \\
\addlinespace
\mcx{var2} & & & & & \\
& varx & 0.92 (0.13)
& 0.65 (0.26)
& 0.65 (0.19)
& 0.49 (0.23)
& 0.44 (0.23) \\
& vary & 0.93 (0.12)
& 0.52 (0.28)
& 0.53 (0.21)
& 0.23 (0.22)
& 0.02 (0.07) \\
\addlinespace
\mcx{varz} & & & & & \\
& varu & & & & & \\
& varrn & & & & & \\
& No. of product switches in 2 yr, median (IRQ)
& 0.93 (0.12)
& 0.52 (0.28)
& 0.53 (0.21)
& 0.23 (0.22)
& 0.02 (0.07) \\
& varx & 0.92 (0.13)
& 0.65 (0.26)
& 0.65 (0.19)
& 0.49 (0.23)
& 0.44 (0.23) \\
\addlinespace
\mcx{var)} & & & & & \\
\end{tabularx}
\endgroup % <---
\end{document}
（红线表示文本边框）