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如何使用多语言 Babel

tag-icon • tag-icon babel arabic chinese
如何使用多语言 Babel

我无法弄清楚 babel 如何处理真正的多语言文本。至少需要以下几种语言，其中到目前为止，德语、英语、俄语和希腊语似乎可以使用，而韩语、中文和阿拉伯语则不行。我正在运行 XeLaTeX。

\documentclass[a4paper, twoside, ngerman]{book}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\setromanfont{CMU Serif}
\setsansfont{CMU Sans Serif}
\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text}

\newfontfamily\arabicfont[Script=Arabic]{Arial Unicode MS}
\newcommand\textarabic[1]{{\arabicfont #1}}
\newfontfamily\koreanfont{UnGungseo}
\newcommand\textkorean[1]{{\koreanfont #1}}

\newfontfamily\chinesefont{FandolSong}
\newcommand\textchinese[1]{{\chinesefont #1}}

\usepackage[bidi=default]{babel}
    \babelprovide[main, import=de]{ngerman}
    \babelprovide[import]{russian}
    \babelprovide[import]{korean}
    \babelprovide[import]{chinese-traditional}
    \babelprovide[import]{arabic}
    \babelprovide[import]{greek}

\begin{document}
    deutsch \foreignlanguage{russian}{Видео урок по живописи маслом} deutsch \textkorean{미술부화실} deutsch
    \textchinese{墨子} deutsch deutsch \foreignlanguage{greek}{πόλεις} deutsch \textarabic{أبو علي الحسن بن الهيثم} deutsch
\end{document}

答案1

我认为你需要加载其他字体，然后在本地切换字体。我的回答基于使用 LuaLaTeX 排版阿拉伯语（阿拉伯），如何使用lualatex来使用中文？（中文）和韩文字符不起作用（韩语）。使用 lualatex 进行编译

\documentclass[a4paper, twoside, ngerman]{book}

\usepackage{fontspec}
\setromanfont{CMU Serif}
\setsansfont{CMU Sans Serif}
\setmonofont{CMU Typewriter Text}

\newfontfamily\arabicfont[Script=Arabic]{Arial Unicode MS}
\newcommand{\textarabic}[1]     % Arabic inside LTR
    {\foreignlanguage{arabic}{{\arabicfont #1}}}

\newfontfamily\koreanfont{UnGungseo}
\newcommand\textkorean[1]{{\koreanfont #1}}

\newfontfamily\chinesefont{FandolSong}
\newcommand\textchinese[1]{{\chinesefont #1}}

\usepackage[bidi=default]{babel}
    \babelprovide[main, import=de]{ngerman}
    \babelprovide[import]{russian}
    \babelprovide[import]{korean}
    \babelprovide[import]{chinese-traditional}
    \babelprovide[import]{arabic}
    \babelprovide[import]{greek}

\begin{document}
    deutsch \foreignlanguage{russian}{Видео урок по живописи маслом} deutsch \textkorean{미술부화실} deutsch 
    \textchinese{墨子} deutsch \textarabic{أبو علي الحسن بن الهيثم} deutsch \foreignlanguage{greek}{πόλεις} deutsch
\end{document}

答案2

以下是具体操作方法及其解释：

\documentclass[a4paper, twoside, russian, ngerman]{book}

% As there is very good support for both Russian and German with 'ldf'
% files, load them as class options. The last one is the main language.

\usepackage[bidi=default]{babel}

% Depending on the contents you may prefer bidi=bidi-l.

% Now the rest of languages. It is worth noting that 'import' is
% not always required if you need neither captions nor dates, just
% short texts.

\babelprovide[import]{korean}
\babelprovide[import]{chinese-traditional}
\babelprovide[import]{arabic}
\babelprovide[import]{greek}

% Set fonts up. As CMU Serif contains Greek letters, there is no need
% for an explicit setting. 

\babelfont{rm}{CMU Serif}

\babelfont[arabic]{rm}{Arial Unicode MS}
\babelfont[korean]{rm}{UnGungseo}
\babelfont[chinese-traditional]{rm}{FandolSong}

\babelfont{sf}{CMU Sans Serif}

\babelfont{tt}{CMU Typewriter Text}

% Create language macros: \textkorean, \textchinese, \textarab. Note
% I'm not using 'arabic' but 'arab' because \babeltags tries to define
% \arabic, which is already defined. This should be fixed somehow in
% babel.

\babeltags{
  korean=korean,
  chinese=chinese-traditional,
  arab=arabic} 

\begin{document}

    deutsch \foreignlanguage{russian}{Видео урок по живописи маслом} deutsch \textkorean{미술부화실} deutsch 
    \textchinese{墨子} deutsch \textarab{أبو علي الحسن بن الهيثم} deutsch \foreignlanguage{greek}{πόλεις} deutsch

\end{document}

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