我目前正在读LaTeX：文档准备系统，第二版作者 Leslie Lamport，为了学习目的，我尝试重新创建书中存在的某些结构。
例如，在书中，作者使用两列部分来显示代码（右列）和代码的输出（左列）。 下面是一个示例的屏幕截图：
问题是，在使用文档类时，我无法重新创建相同的结构（我multicol为此使用了包，环境位于右列） ，因为在偶数页上，两列部分紧贴左边距。当右列中的代码长度超过一半时，它会打印在内边距内（如下例所示，带有黑色方块的线条）。
verbatimbook\textwidth
tabular对于长度超过的表格（用 制作），也会发生相同的情况\textwidth（见下面的示例）。
在所有这些情况下，我都希望让这些环境紧贴内边距（偶数页的右边距和奇数页的左边距），并将剩余部分打印在外边距中。当然，这应该只在环境的宽度大于时才会发生\textwidth。
编辑：添加了一个最小的工作示例。
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{multicol}
\begin{document}
\blindtext
\begin{multicols}{2}\scriptsize
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).\\
\columnbreak
\begin{verbatim}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{verbatim}
\end{multicols}
\blindtext
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\blindtext
\begin{multicols}{2}\scriptsize
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).\\
\columnbreak
\begin{verbatim}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{verbatim}
\end{multicols}
\blindtext
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\blindtext
\end{document}
答案1
这使用 paracol 来减少列宽，而不是故意在其他地方超出列宽。您还会注意到，这种方法与标题的对齐方式与示例相同。
有趣的是，没有逐字逐句的多列文字会忽略\columnbreak，但简单的段落分隔符就可以达到目的。
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage[textwidth=6in,showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{paracol}
\twosided
\setcolumnwidth{0.9\textwidth}
\begin{document}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{multicols}{2}\scriptsize
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{multicols}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{multicols}{2}\scriptsize
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\noindent
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{multicols}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\end{document}
我突然想到提供翻译是 paracol 的主要用途。我创建了一个新环境 (codecols) 来处理所需的所有参数更改。
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}
\usepackage[textwidth=6.5in,showframe]{geometry}
\usepackage{blindtext}
%\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{paracol}
\twosided
\setcolumnwidth{0.8\textwidth}
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{codecols}{\par\bigskip
\parindent=0pt
\@minipagetrue% remove spacing arund \verbatim
\scriptsize
\setcolumnwidth{\dimexpr 0.5\textwidth-0.5\columnsep}%
\twosided[pmb]% do not swap columns
\begin{paracol}{2}}%
{\end{paracol}
\twosided
\setcolumnwidth{0.8\textwidth}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{codecols}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\switchcolumn
\begin{verbatim}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{verbatim}
\end{codecols}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{codecols}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\switchcolumn
\begin{verbatim}
An intra-word dash or hyphen, as in X-ray.\\
A medium dash (en-dash) for number ranges, like 1--2.\\
A punctuation dash---like this (also know as em-dash).
\end{verbatim}
\end{codecols}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\begin{center}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{1em}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l | l | l |}
\hline
\textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} & \textit{cmd} & \textit{decl} \\
\hline
\verb|\textup| & \verb|\upshape| & \verb|\textsc| & \verb|\scshape| & \verb|\textrm| & \verb|\rmfamily| \\
\verb|\textit| & \verb|\itshape| & \verb|\textmd| & \verb|\mdseries| & \verb|\textsf| & \verb|\sffamily| \\
\verb|\textsl| & \verb|\slshape| & \verb|\textbf| & \verb|\bfseries| & \verb|\texttt| & \verb|\ttfamily| \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{paracol}{2}
\blindtext
\end{paracol}
\end{document}