使用 blochsphere 包在 tikzpictures 中嵌套 blochspheres

Question

我正在使用 blochsphere 包（参见1)，我想将其嵌套在另一个 tikzpicture 中，以便与多个 blochspheres 一起使用。手册告诉人们在设置中输入“nested=true” \begin{tikzpicture}。不幸的是，即使使用手册中给出的 blochsphere 示例也会出现许多错误 - 我使用它来提供 MWE：

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node [fill=red]{
\begin{blochsphere}[radius=1.5 cm,tilt=15,rotation=-20,nested=true]
\drawBallGrid[style={opacity=0.3}]{30}{30}


\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{-60}{0}{0}
\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{60}{0}{0}

\drawRotationLeft[scale=1.3,style={red}]{-60}{0}{0}{15}
\drawRotationRight[scale=1.3,style={red}]{60}{0}{0}{15}

\node at (-0.8,1.9) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{12}(t)$}};
\node at (1.1,1.8) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{23}(t)$}};

\labelLatLon{up}{90}{0};
\labelLatLon{down}{-90}{90};
\node[above] at (up) {{\tiny $\left|1\right>$ }};
\node[below] at (down) {{\tiny $\left|0\right>$}};
\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d}{15}{90};
\node at (d) {\color{gray}\fontsize{0.15cm}{1em}\selectfont $60^\circ$};

\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d2}{5}{78};
\end{blochsphere}
}
\end{tikzpicture}

我所修改的只是第一行和最后两行代码以及nested=true第三行。一个错误是（例如）

! Undefined control sequence.\tmp ->\endgroup \draw[current plane,on layer=back,opacity=0.3] (\agamma -\... \drawBallGrid[style={opacity=0.3}]{30}{30}

就我的个人 blochsphere 而言，我遇到了这些以及其他错误，例如missing number treated as zero等。有人可以帮我使 blochsphere 包能够嵌套在另一个 tikzpicture 中吗？

谢谢你！

Answer 1

nested=true使用密钥时出现问题blochsphere。在正常的 blochsphere 环境中，初始化是在 tikzpicture 启动之前完成的。在嵌套环境中，初始化是在 tikzpicture 启动之后完成的。对于大多数相关代码，这并不重要。但是，有一部分确实需要到位前tikzpicture 已启动，这就是图层。因此，您需要在序言中添加以下几行：

\pgfdeclarelayer{back}%
\pgfdeclarelayer{front}%
\pgfsetlayers{back,main,front}%

一旦完成，blochsphere 环境就可以直接在 tikzpicture 环境中使用。它确实不是需要位于节点内部（实际上，应该不能在节点内使用）。但它可以包含在一个范围内，并且可以重新定位该范围以改变块球的位置。可能简单的翻译就足够了，如下面的代码所示，但如果您想要更复杂的定位语法，那么请考虑开发版本的tikzmark它允许您以类似于节点的方式在范围内定义“锚点”。

完整代码如下。代码中还有一些其他小问题，我已经修复了。

\documentclass{article}
%\url{https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/653567/86}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{blochsphere}

% These lines are needed when using the `nested=true` option
\pgfdeclarelayer{back}%
\pgfdeclarelayer{front}%
\pgfsetlayers{back,main,front}%

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}
\begin{blochsphere}[radius=1.5 cm,tilt=15,rotation=-20,nested=true]
% The next line is automatically included when not nesting
% but needs to be here when nesting
\drawBall
\drawBallGrid[style={draw,opacity=0.3}]{30}{30}

% These two commands only take 3 arguments (including the optional style)
\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{-60}{0}%{0}
\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{60}{0}%{0}

\drawRotationLeft[scale=1.3,style={red}]{-60}{0}{0}{15}
\drawRotationRight[scale=1.3,style={red}]{60}{0}{0}{15}

\node at (-0.8,1.9) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{12}(t)$}};
\node at (1.1,1.8) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{23}(t)$}};

% There were a few extra ;s in these lines
\labelLatLon{up}{90}{0}
\labelLatLon{down}{-90}{90}
\node[above] at (up) {{\tiny $\left|1\right>$ }};
\node[below] at (down) {{\tiny $\left|0\right>$}};
\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d}{15}{90}
\node at (d) {\color{gray}\fontsize{0.15cm}{1em}\selectfont $60^\circ$};

\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d2}{5}{78}

\end{blochsphere}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(4,0)}]
\begin{blochsphere}[radius=1.5 cm,tilt=15,rotation=-20,nested=true]
\drawBall
\drawBallGrid[style={draw,opacity=0.3}]{30}{30}

\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{-60}{0}%{0}
\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{60}{0}%{0}

\drawRotationLeft[scale=1.3,style={red}]{-60}{0}{0}{15}
\drawRotationRight[scale=1.3,style={red}]{60}{0}{0}{15}

\node at (-0.8,1.9) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{12}(t)$}};
\node at (1.1,1.8) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{23}(t)$}};

\labelLatLon{up}{90}{0}
\labelLatLon{down}{-90}{90}
\node[above] at (up) {{\tiny $\left|1\right>$ }};
\node[below] at (down) {{\tiny $\left|0\right>$}};
\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d}{15}{90}
\node at (d) {\color{gray}\fontsize{0.15cm}{1em}\selectfont $60^\circ$};

\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d2}{5}{78}

\end{blochsphere}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

我认为该nested选项还有另一个我不太明白的含义。在上面的代码中，;在封闭的\node宏后添加一个，然后删除该nested选项（或将其设置为false）。

然而，嵌套并不是一个好主意tikzpictures（blochsphere本质上就是一个好主意）。如果你真的想在 Ti 里面放置复杂的东西钾Z 节点，您可能应该使用savebox用于存储：

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{blochsphere}
    
\newsavebox{\blochA}
\begin{lrbox}{\blochA}
\begin{blochsphere}[radius=1.5 cm,tilt=15,rotation=-20]
\drawBallGrid[style={opacity=0.3}]{30}{30}

\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{-60}{0}{0}
\drawGreatCircle[style={dashed}]{60}{0}{0}

\drawRotationLeft[scale=1.3,style={red}]{-60}{0}{0}{15}
\drawRotationRight[scale=1.3,style={red}]{60}{0}{0}{15}

\node at (-0.8,1.9) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{12}(t)$}};
\node at (1.1,1.8) {\textcolor{red}{\tiny $J_{23}(t)$}};

\labelLatLon{up}{90}{0};
\labelLatLon{down}{-90}{90};
\node[above] at (up) {{\tiny $\left|1\right>$ }};
\node[below] at (down) {{\tiny $\left|0\right>$}};
\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d}{15}{90};
\node at (d) {\color{gray}\fontsize{0.15cm}{1em}\selectfont $60^\circ$};

\labelLatLon[labelmark=false]{d2}{5}{78};
\end{blochsphere}
\end{lrbox}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\node[fill=red!10] at (0,0) {\usebox{\blochA}};

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}