![如何使用 TikZ 创建交互式图表](https://linux22.com/image/473451/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20TikZ%20%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%A1%A8.png)
我正在尝试创建一个交互的图表,与 EPUB 中使用的图表非常相似去书店:
我所说的“互动”是指用户控制触发事件的时间。例如,动画不是我所说的互动性,因为无论用户做什么,动画都会发生。(当然,在每个动作之间,我们可以有一个动画。)
坦白说,我不知道 TikZ 是否可以做到这一点。是吗?也许有办法将 HTML 和 JS 注入 TikZ?
下面是一个具有 3 步走棋的围棋棋盘的简单示例,我们的想法是让 TikZ 添加某种 UI 用于来回移动,然后相应地显示每一步走棋 — — 不需要播放按钮 — —:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newlength{\step}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}
\draw[step=\step] (0, 0) grid (10, 10);
\draw[draw = white, fill = black, line width = 0.1mm]
(2 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
node[color = white] {1};
\draw[draw = black, fill = white, line width = 0.1mm]
(3 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
node[color = black] {2};
\draw[draw = white, fill = black, line width = 0.1mm]
(4 * 10cm / 18, 3 * 10cm / 18)
circle [radius = 0.2575cm]
node[color = white] {3};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
还应该归功于亚历克斯。感谢他的出色
animate
软件包。这个\playgo
命令也是出自他的想法邮政(\uncover
命令)。
animateinline
下面是使用包的示例animate
。它可以在 Adobe Reader 和 Foxit Reader 中使用(它似乎无法在 VS Code 的 PDF Viewer 上使用):
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\newlength{\step}
\setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}
\newcommand\playgo[3]{\ifnum#1<#2\phantom{#3}\else#3\fi}
\begin{document}
\begin{animateinline}[step,controls=step]{1}
\multiframe{4}{i=0+1}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\step,y=\step]
%create the board
\draw[step=1] (0, 0) grid (18, 18);
%setup black
\foreach \bloc in {{2,4},{3,4},{4,4},{5,4},{6,5},{7,6}}{
\filldraw[line width = 0.1mm] (\bloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
}
%setup white
\foreach \wloc in {{2,6},{3,6},{4,6},{5,6},{6,6},{7,7}}{
\filldraw[fill=white,line width = 0.1mm] (\wloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
}
%play the go-game start from black
\foreach \stepnum/\loc in {1/{8,7},2/{8,8},3/{9,8}}{
\playgo{\i}{\stepnum}{\filldraw[fill={\ifodd\stepnum black\else white\fi},line width = 0.1mm] (\loc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm] node [color = \ifodd\stepnum white\else black\fi] {\stepnum};}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{animateinline}
\end{document}
这个动画是这样控制的:
更新:增加显示进度条及颜色。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\newlength{\step}
\setlength{\step}{\dimexpr 10cm / 18 \relax}
\newcommand\playgo[3]{\ifnum#1<#2\phantom{#3}\else#3\fi}
\newcounter{totalsteps}
\setcounter{totalsteps}{3}
\begin{document}
{\centering
\begin{animateinline}[step,controls=step]{1}
\multiframe{\numexpr\value{totalsteps}+1}{i=0+1}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=\step,y=\step]
%create the board
\fill [brown!30] (-0.5,-0.5) rectangle (18.5,18.5);
\draw[step=1] (0, 0) grid (18, 18);
\draw [line width=2pt] (0,0) rectangle (18,18);
\foreach \sloc in
{{3,3},{3,9},{3,15},{9,3},{9,9},{9,15},{15,3},{15,9},{15,15}}{\filldraw (\sloc) circle [radius=1.5pt];}
%add progress bar
\draw [rounded corners=3pt,blue!20] (5,-0.85) rectangle (13,-1.15);
\fill [rounded corners=3pt,blue] (5,-0.85) rectangle ++(\i*13/\value{totalsteps}-\i*5/\value{totalsteps} ,-0.3);
\filldraw [blue] (5,-0.85) ++ (\i*13/\value{totalsteps}-\i*5/\value{totalsteps} ,-0.15) circle [radius=5pt];
%setup black
\foreach \bloc in {{2,4},{3,4},{4,4},{5,4},{6,5},{7,6}}{
\filldraw[line width = 0.1mm] (\bloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
}
%setup white
\foreach \wloc in {{2,6},{3,6},{4,6},{5,6},{6,6},{7,7}}{
\filldraw[fill=white,line width = 0.1mm] (\wloc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm];
}
%play the go-game start from black
\foreach \stepnum/\loc in {1/{8,7},2/{8,8},3/{9,8}}{
\playgo{\i}{\stepnum}{\filldraw[fill={\ifodd\stepnum black\else white\fi},line width = 0.1mm] (\loc) circle [radius = 0.2575cm] node [color = \ifodd\stepnum white\else black\fi] {\stepnum};}
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{animateinline}\par}
\end{document}
答案2
我使用 TikZ 和动画包制作了以下动画:
经典的方法是将逐帧图片制作成一个.tex
文件,对于基于某种算法的数学或图形,你可以使用循环,这是完美的,但在这种情况下,我制作了一个逐帧文件,我将其命名为Go-game.tex
\documentclass[tikz, border=30mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{fadings}
\definecolor{backcol}{HTML}{8b5a16}
\definecolor{wood}{HTML}{5d2f03}
\definecolor{gwhite}{HTML}{ecefe9}
\definecolor{gblack}{HTML}{221d1d}
\newcommand{\white}[1]{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}]
\shade[top color=gwhite, bottom color=white] (0,0)circle(0.95);
\end{scope}
}
\newcommand{\black}[1]{
\begin{scope}[shift={#1}]
\shade[top color=gblack, bottom color=black] (0,0)circle(0.95);
\end{scope}
}
\begin{document}
\pagecolor{backcol}
\color{wood}
\foreach\i in {0, 10, 20, ..., 100}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}In order to take over the white goishi we need};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\foreach\i in {90, 80,..., 0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}In order to take over the white goishi we need};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\foreach\i in {0, 10, 20, ..., 100}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}To surround them using the black goishi};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\foreach\i in {90, 80, 70, ..., 0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\node[opacity=\i/100, scale=3, text width=4cm, align =center, preaction={fill, wood}] at (8,14) {\color{white}To surround them using the black goishi};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\black{(2,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}
\foreach\i in {90, 80, 70, ...,0}{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[line width=0.5mm, step=2] (0,0)grid(16,16);
\begin{scope}[opacity=\i/100]
\white{(4,4)}
\white{(4,6)}
\end{scope}
\black{(2,4)}
\black{(4,2)}
\black{(6,4)}
\black{(6,6)}
\black{(4,8)}
\black{(2,6)}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{document}
编译您的文件生成Go-game.pdf
我们将使用它来为我们的帧制作动画:
\documentclass[tikz, border=40mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{animate}
\begin{document}
\animategraphics[controls=all, loop]{15}{Go-game}{}{}
\end{document}
是的,之后你应该就可以得到动画了。