我的服务器具有三个相同的 SATA/600 3TB 驱动器:/dev/sda
、/dev/sdb
、/dev/sdc
。驱动器使用 GPT 进行分区,每个分区具有三个分区:
- 1 MB:为引导加载程序保留的分区
- 1 GB:RAID1 /dev/md0 ( ext2 ( /boot ) )
- 3 TB:RAID1 /dev/md1(加密卷(LVM(卷组(Swap、/、/etc、/home ...))))
三个驱动器之一是热备用驱动器,另外两个驱动器在 RAID 集中处于活动状态。它工作正常,我可以在断开任何单个硬盘驱动器后启动。我想用smartd(smartmontools 的一部分)监视驱动器的运行状况并向系统日志报告错误(我使用日志检查)。该服务器应该具有尽可能高的可用性,但在测试过程中性能下降是可以接受的。
这是输出smartctl -a /dev/sda
:
smartctl 5.41 2011-06-09 r3365 [x86_64-linux-3.2.0-4-amd64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: WDC WD30EZRX-00MMMB0
Serial Number: WD-WMAWZ0412093
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2b19fbdcd
Firmware Version: 80.00A80
User Capacity: 3,000,592,982,016 bytes [3.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is: Fri Sep 27 15:37:25 2013 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: (50280) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 255) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 148 148 021 Pre-fail Always - 9575
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 95
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 820
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 93
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 65
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 196 196 000 Old_age Always - 12824
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 119 116 000 Old_age Always - 33
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 787 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 727 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
貌似支持离线测试。当我发出时smartctl -o on
,smartctl -c
显示Offline data collection status
已经设置为(0x82)
。如果我发出smartctl -o off
相同的值就会变成(0x02)
.
start_smartd=yes
我已经设置 smartd 通过设置来启动服务器/etc/default/smartmontools
。您建议我如何通过编辑/etc/smartd.conf
此服务器来配置 smartd?请描述您使用的每个参数以及为什么这样使用它。
我将添加我当前的设置作为答案。请随意使用它作为基础并在您自己的答案中改进它。使用相同设置的更好描述也将是一种改进!
答案1
我从长时间的自检转向了select,cont
测试。这就像长时间的自测试,但一次只有一个磁盘片。因此,虽然长时间的自测试可能需要一天多的时间(对于繁忙的 3TB 磁盘),选择性测试可以在服务器最不忙的每晚运行并实际完成,而不会损害更繁忙时间的性能。
因此,基本上,您将每月对整个磁盘进行长时间的自检,然后进行夜间选择性测试,该测试在一个月内仍然覆盖整个磁盘。
但这需要一些准备。
smartd
必须使用该--savestates
选项运行,因为磁盘本身通常不会跟踪最后测试的区域。- 您必须手动启动第一个选择性自测 (
-t select,0-$size
),以便smartd
了解每天要测试的切片大小。大小决定了测试需要多长时间以及跨越整个磁盘的天数。 - 确保您选择的 $size 与磁盘大小一致。否则,您将面临最后一个切片非常小的风险(最坏的情况是您浪费一天时间仅测试磁盘的单个扇区)。
- 您必须验证此信息是否确实已保存到 savestates 文件中,因为有时没有,然后测试将不会按照您想要的方式运行。 (直接编辑 savestate 文件也是一种选择)。
smartd.conf
该文件的语法为-s c/../.././01
(在本例中它将每天凌晨 1 点运行)。
然而,一旦完成,该过程就会自动且可靠。一旦到达磁盘末尾,它将自动从第二天的开始开始。阅读smartctl
有关select,cont
测试的联机帮助页。
虽然长期或选择性测试很棒,但您可能仍然应该运行短期或整体评估测试。它们只需要很短的时间,并且可以帮助检测一般问题。
答案2
我们已将所有服务器配置为运行定期自测试,其中包含以下行/etc/smartd.conf
:
# DEVICESCAN matches all hard disks found in /dev/ and applies the following
# options to them.
#
# Default options from Debian:
# -d removable don't exit when the device when a device vanishes
# -n standby don't wake a device up that is sleeping
# -m root send error reports to root
# -M exec ... pipe the mail through that script
#
# Our options:
# -s L/../02/./17 run a long selftest on every 2nd of every month
# at 17 o'clock
DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner -s L/../02/./17
在我看来,自我测试是 SMART 提供的最可靠的健康检查类型。
编辑:
您能解释一下
-d removable
是什么吗?
从man smartd.conf
:
removable - the device or its media is removable. This indi‐
cates to smartd that it should continue (instead of exiting,
which is the default behavior) if the device does not appear to
be present when smartd is started. This Directive may be used
in conjunction with the other ´-d´ Directives.
我认为它可以防止smartd
当受监视的磁盘之一消失时死亡......?我不确定,我只是将该-s L/../02/./17
部分添加到该行中。原来的行:
DEVICESCAN -d removable -n standby -m root -M exec /usr/share/smartmontools/smartd-runner
是 Debian 的默认设置。
答案3
# DEVICESCAN For all disks with SMART capabilities.
#
# -o off Turn off automatic running of offline tests. An offline test
# is a test which may degrade performance.
#
# -n standby Do not spin up the disk for the periodic 30 minute (default)
# SMART status polling, instead wait until the disk is active
# again and poll it then.
#
# -W 2 Report temperature changes of at least 2 degrees celsius since
# the last reading. Also report if a new min/max temperature is
# detected.
#
# -S on Auto save attributes such as how long the disk has been powered
# on, min and max disk temperature.
#
# -s (L/../.[02468]/1/04|S/../.[13579]/1/04)
# '-------a--------' '--------b-------'
#
# a: Long test on even monday mornings at 04:00
# b: Short test on uneven monday mornings at 04:00
DEVICESCAN -o off -n standby -W 2 -S on -s (L/../.[02468]/1/04|S/../.[13579]/1/04)
答案4
我通常使用这个简单的检查,它是按驱动器定义的,而不是按系统全局定义的(带DEVICESCAN
选项) - 我对整体 SMART 运行状况以及自上次 SMART 测试以来是否有任何待处理的扇区重新分配和任何错误扇区感兴趣。任何可疑事件都会邮寄到我的智能综合地址:
/dev/sda -H -C 0 -U 0 -m [email protected]
在某些系统上,我已定义在特定日期自动运行 SMART 自检。此规范定义每周日午夜后在两个驱动器上运行长时间测试(但不是在同一时间 - 午夜到凌晨 1 点之间,然后从凌晨 2 点开始):
/dev/sda -a -s L/../../7/00 -m [email protected]
/dev/sdb -a -s L/../../7/02 -m [email protected]