我有一个脚本,用于更改 Microsoft 的本地管理员密码。 https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/2962486?wa=wsignin1.0是我找到它的地方。以下是对于那些懒得点击的人来说的脚本:
function Invoke-PasswordRoll
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The
username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file.
The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to
ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk.
The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
Function: Invoke-PasswordRoll
Author: Microsoft
Version: 1.0
.DESCRIPTION
This script can be used to set the local account passwords on remote machines to random passwords. The
username/password/server combination will be saved in a CSV file.
The account passwords stored in the CSV file can be encrypted using a password of the administrators choosing to
ensure clear-text account passwords aren't written to disk.
The encrypted passwords can be decrypted using another function in this file: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
.PARAMETER ComputerName
An array of computers to run the script against using PowerShell remoting.
.PARAMETER LocalAccounts
An array of local accounts whose password should be changed.
.PARAMETER TsvFileName
The file to output the username/password/server combinations to.
.PARAMETER EncryptionKey
A password to encrypt the TSV file with. Uses AES encryption. Only the passwords stored in the TSV file will be
encrypted, the username and servername will be clear-text.
.PARAMETER PasswordLength
The length of the passwords which will be randomly generated for local accounts.
.PARAMETER NoEncryption
Do not encrypt the account passwords stored in the TSV file. This will result in clear-text passwords being
written to disk.
.EXAMPLE
. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @
("administrator","CustomLocalAdmin") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -EncryptionKey "Password1"
Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" and/or
"CustomLocalAdmin" are present on the system, their password is changed
to a randomly generated password of length 20 (the default). The username/password/server combinations are
stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv, and the account passwords are AES encrypted using the password "Password1".
.EXAMPLE
. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator") -TsvFileName
"LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -NoEncryption -PasswordLength 40
Connects to all the computers stored in the file "computerlist.txt". If the local account "administrator" is
present on the system, its password is changed to a random generated
password of length 40. The username/password/server combinations are stored in LocalAdminCredentials.tsv
unencrypted.
.NOTES
Requirements:
-PowerShellv2 or above must be installed
-PowerShell remoting must be enabled on all systems the script will be run against
Script behavior:
-If a local account is present on the system, but not specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, the script will
write a warning to the screen to alert you to the presence of this local account. The script will continue
running when this happens.
-If a local account is specified in the LocalAccounts parameter, but the account does not exist on the computer,
nothing will happen (an account will NOT be created).
-The function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword, contained in this file, can be used to decrypt passwords that are
stored encrypted in the TSV file.
-If a server specified in ComputerName cannot be connected to, PowerShell will output an error message.
-Microsoft advises companies to regularly roll all local and domain account passwords.
#>
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Encryption")]
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String[]]
$ComputerName,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String[]]
$LocalAccounts,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$TsvFileName,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="Encryption", Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptionKey,
[Parameter()]
[ValidateRange(20,120)]
[Int]
$PasswordLength = 20,
[Parameter(ParameterSetName="NoEncryption", Mandatory=$true)]
[Switch]
$NoEncryption
)
#Load any needed .net classes
Add-Type -AssemblyName "System.Web" -ErrorAction Stop
#This is the scriptblock that will be executed on every computer specified in ComputerName
$RemoteRollScript = {
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=1)]
[String[]]
$Passwords,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=2)]
[String[]]
$LocalAccounts,
#This is here so I can record what the server name that the script connected to was, sometimes the
DNS records get messed up, it can be nice to have this.
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true, Position=3)]
[String]
$TargettedServerName
)
$LocalUsers = Get-WmiObject Win32_UserAccount -Filter "LocalAccount=true" | Foreach {$_.Name}
#Check if the computer has any local user accounts whose passwords are not going to be rolled by this
script
foreach ($User in $LocalUsers)
{
if ($LocalAccounts -inotcontains $User)
{
Write-Warning "Server: '$($TargettedServerName)' has a local account '$($User)' whos password is
NOT being changed by this script"
}
}
#For every local account specified that exists on this server, change the password
$PasswordIndex = 0
foreach ($LocalAdmin in $LocalAccounts)
{
$Password = $Passwords[$PasswordIndex]
if ($LocalUsers -icontains $LocalAdmin)
{
try
{
$objUser = [ADSI]"WinNT://localhost/$($LocalAdmin), user"
$objUser.psbase.Invoke("SetPassword", $Password)
$Properties = @{
TargettedServerName = $TargettedServerName
Username = $LocalAdmin
Password = $Password
RealServerName = $env:computername
}
$ReturnData = New-Object PSObject -Property $Properties
Write-Output $ReturnData
}
catch
{
Write-Error "Error changing password for user:$($LocalAdmin) on server:
$($TargettedServerName)"
}
}
$PasswordIndex++
}
}
#Generate the password on the client running this script, not on the remote machine. System.Web.Security
isn't available in the .NET Client profile. Making this call
# on the client running the script ensures only 1 computer needs the full .NET runtime installed (as
opposed to every system having the password rolled).
function Create-RandomPassword
{
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[ValidateRange(20,120)]
[Int]
$PasswordLength
)
$Password = [System.Web.Security.Membership]::GeneratePassword($PasswordLength, $PasswordLength / 4)
#This should never fail, but I'm putting a sanity check here anyways
if ($Password.Length -ne $PasswordLength)
{
throw new Exception("Password returned by GeneratePassword is not the same length as required.
Required length: $($PasswordLength). Generated length: $($Password.Length)")
}
return $Password
}
#Main functionality - Generate a password and remote in to machines to change the password of local accounts
specified
if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "Encryption")
{
try
{
$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes
($EncryptionKey))
}
catch
{
Write-Error "Error creating TSV encryption key" -ErrorAction Stop
}
}
foreach ($Computer in $ComputerName)
{
#Need to generate 1 password for each account that could be changed
$Passwords = @()
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $LocalAccounts.Length; $i++)
{
$Passwords += Create-RandomPassword -PasswordLength $PasswordLength
}
Write-Output "Connecting to server '$($Computer)' to roll specified local admin passwords"
$Result = Invoke-Command -ScriptBlock $RemoteRollScript -ArgumentList @($Passwords, $LocalAccounts,
$Computer) -ComputerName $Computer
#If encryption is being used, encrypt the password with the user supplied key prior to writing to disk
if ($Result -ne $null)
{
if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -ieq "NoEncryption")
{
$Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName | Export-Csv -
Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation
}
else
{
#Filters out $null entries returned
$Result = $Result | Select-Object Username,Password,TargettedServerName,RealServerName
foreach ($Record in $Result)
{
$PasswordSecureString = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force -String
($Record.Password)
$Record | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name EncryptedPassword -Value (ConvertFrom-
SecureString -Key $SecureStringKey -SecureString $PasswordSecureString)
$Record.PSObject.Properties.Remove("Password")
$Record | Select-Object Username,EncryptedPassword,TargettedServerName,RealServerName |
Export-Csv -Append -Path $TsvFileName -NoTypeInformation
}
}
}
}
}
function ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll.
Function: ConvertTo-CleartextPassword
Author: Microsoft
Version: 1.0
.DESCRIPTION
This function can be used to decrypt passwords that were stored encrypted by the function Invoke-PasswordRoll.
.PARAMETER EncryptedPassword
The encrypted password that was stored in a TSV file.
.PARAMETER EncryptionKey
The password used to do the encryption.
.EXAMPLE
. .\Invoke-PasswordRoll.ps1 #Loads the functions in this script file
ConvertTo-CleartextPassword -EncryptionKey "Password1" -EncryptedPassword
76492d1116743f0423413b16050a5345MgB8AGcAZgBaAHUAaQBwADAAQgB2AGgAcABNADMASwBaAFoAQQBzADEAeABjAEEAPQA9AHwAZgBiAGYA
MAA1ADYANgA2ADEANwBkADQAZgAwADMANABjAGUAZQAxAGIAMABiADkANgBiADkAMAA4ADcANwBhADMAYQA3AGYAOABkADcAMQA5ADQAMwBmAGYA
NQBhADEAYQBjADcANABkADIANgBhADUANwBlADgAMAAyADQANgA1ADIAOQA0AGMAZQA0ADEAMwAzADcANQAyADUANAAzADYAMAA1AGEANgAzADEA
MQA5ADAAYwBmADQAZAA2AGQA"
Decrypts the encrypted password which was stored in the TSV file.
#>
Param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptedPassword,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
[String]
$EncryptionKey
)
$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionKey))
[SecureString]$SecureStringPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $EncryptedPassword -Key
$SecureStringKey
Write-Output ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($SecureStringPassword)))
}
当我使用以下命令运行脚本时:
Invoke-PasswordRoll -ComputerName (Get-Content computerlist.txt) -LocalAccounts @("administrator","CustomLocalAdmin") -TsvFileName "LocalAdminCredentials.tsv" -EncryptionKey "Password1"
它会更改目标计算机上的密码,但不会将其更改为“Password1”。这个脚本到底在做什么?
答案1
正如 Tomasz 和 Zoredache 所说:微软提供的脚本只能用于将远程机器上的本地帐户密码设置为随机密码。存储在 CSV 文件中的帐户密码可以使用管理员选择的密码(参数-EncryptionKey
)进行加密,以确保明文帐户密码不会写入磁盘。
可以使用同一文件中的另一个函数 ConvertTo-CleartextPassword 解密加密的密码(存储在 TSV 文件中)。
在我们的环境中,我们还想定期更改密码,因此我们创建了两个脚本:一个脚本创建一个带有加密密码(我们自己选择的)的新文件,并将该文件分发到我们所有的工作站。第二个脚本(也分发到工作站)每 X 小时运行一次,并根据文件的内容重置密码。当然,用于加密和解密的密码仍然以纯文本形式存储,但密码本身不是。这样,您真的需要知道您正在做什么来检索本地管理员密码,因为加密文件和脚本保存在不同的位置,所以非常安全。
创建密码文件
我们使用以下脚本(我删除了错误日志和 try/catches)来创建密码文件:
$LocalAdminPW = "0urAdminP@ssword" #the password that is used to set as the local admin password
$EncryptionPW = "0urEncryptionP@ssword" #password to encrypt and decrypt the password
$File = "C:\Temp\Password.tsv" #file to create
#Create encryption key
$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionPW))
#Encrypt the password with the user supplied encryption password
PasswordSecureString = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force -String $LocalAdminPW
#Create TSV-File with the encrypted password
ConvertFrom-SecureString -Key $SecureStringKey -SecureString $PasswordSecureString | Out-File -Force -FilePath "$File"
#Gathering the new encrypted password for the local administrator account
$LocalAdminPW = Get-Content $FileLocation
使用创建的密码文件设置本地管理员密码
我们使用以下脚本从密码文件中解密密码并使用它来设置管理员密码(我删除了错误处理和日志记录):
#function to get decrypted password
Function Get-DecryptedPassword {
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
$EncryptedPW,
$LocalAdminPW
)
#Decrypt the password with the user supplied encryption password
$Sha256 = new-object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
$SecureStringKey = $Sha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.UnicodeEncoding]::Unicode.GetBytes($EncryptionPW))
[SecureString]$SecureStringPassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $LocalAdminPW -Key $SecureStringKey
return ([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($SecureStringPassword)))
}
#Change password local admin account
$LocalAdmin = "Administrator"
$objUser = [ADSI]"WinNT://localhost/$($LocalAdmin), user"
$objUser.psbase.Invoke("SetPassword", (Get-DecryptedPassword -EncryptedPW $EncryptionPW -LocalAdminPW $LocalAdminPW))
答案2
将密码存储在电子表格中并不是最佳选择,并且将所有机器设置为相同的密码是凭据盗窃的另一个问题(即使您定期更改密码)。 LAPS 工具可用于安全地随机化本地管理员密码。如果您尝试解决文章中的问题,请考虑使用域凭据。如果您只是想更改密码,请使用 LAPS 工具(https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/3062591.aspx)
答案3
只需阅读粘贴脚本中的注释:
如果系统中存在本地帐户“administrator”和/或“CustomLocalAdmin”,则其密码将更改为长度为 20 的随机生成的密码(默认值)。
用户名/密码/服务器组合存储在 LocalAdminCredentials.tsv 中,帐户密码使用密码“Password1”进行 AES 加密。